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Recent advancements in generative models have highlighted the crucial role of image tokenization in the efficient synthesis of high-resolution images. Tokenization, which transforms images into latent representations, reduces computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Qihang Yu , Mark Weber , Xueqing Deng , Xiaohui Shen , Daniel Cremers , Liang-Chieh Chen

Vector quantization (VQ) is a key technique in high-resolution and high-fidelity image synthesis, which aims to learn a codebook to encode an image with a sequence of discrete codes and then generate an image in an auto-regression manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Guotao Liang , Baoquan Zhang , Yaowei Wang , Xutao Li , Yunming Ye , Huaibin Wang , Chuyao Luo , Kola Ye , linfeng Luo

We propose a new approach for high resolution semantic image synthesis. It consists of one base image generator and multiple class-specific generators. The base generator generates high quality images based on a segmentation map. To further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Yuheng Li , Yijun Li , Jingwan Lu , Eli Shechtman , Yong Jae Lee , Krishna Kumar Singh

In autoregressive (AR) image generation, visual tokenizers compress images into compact discrete latent tokens, enabling efficient training of downstream autoregressive models for visual generation via next-token prediction. While scaling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tianwei Xiong , Jun Hao Liew , Zilong Huang , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

Learning-based 3D reconstruction models, represented by Visual Geometry Grounded Transformers (VGGTs), have made remarkable progress with the use of large-scale transformers. Their prohibitive computational and memory costs severely hinder…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Weilun Feng , Haotong Qin , Mingqiang Wu , Chuanguang Yang , Yuqi Li , Xiangqi Li , Zhulin An , Libo Huang , Yulun Zhang , Michele Magno , Yongjun Xu

We explore the use of Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoder (VQ-VAE) models for large scale image generation. To this end, we scale and enhance the autoregressive priors used in VQ-VAE to generate synthetic samples of much higher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Ali Razavi , Aaron van den Oord , Oriol Vinyals

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have demonstrated immense potential in synthesizing diverse and high-fidelity images. However, critical questions remain unanswered regarding how quantum principles might best enhance their…

The instability in GAN training has been a long-standing problem despite remarkable research efforts. We identify that instability issues stem from difficulties of performing feature matching with mini-batch statistics, due to a fragile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Yang Zhao , Chunyuan Li , Ping Yu , Jianfeng Gao , Changyou Chen

In this work, we present a novel direction to build an image tokenizer directly on top of a frozen vision foundation model, which is a largely underexplored area. Specifically, we employ a frozen vision foundation model as the encoder of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anlin Zheng , Xin Wen , Xuanyang Zhang , Chuofan Ma , Tiancai Wang , Gang Yu , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

Vector quantization-based image semantic communication systems have successfully boosted transmission efficiency, but face challenges with conflicting requirements between codebook design and digital constellation modulation. Traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yingbin Zhou , Yaping Sun , Guanying Chen , Xiaodong Xu , Hao Chen , Binhong Huang , Shuguang Cui , Ping Zhang

Generative adversarial networks or GANs are a type of generative modeling framework. GANs involve a pair of neural networks engaged in a competition in iteratively creating fake data, indistinguishable from the real data. One notable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Eric J. Nunn , Pejman Khadivi , Shadrokh Samavi

In this work, we propose IQGAN, a quantum Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework for multiqubit image synthesis that can be efficiently implemented on Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. We investigate the reasons for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-27 Cheng Chu , Grant Skipper , Martin Swany , Fan Chen

Consistency learning with feature perturbation is a widely used strategy in semi-supervised medical image segmentation. However, many existing perturbation methods rely on dropout, and thus require a careful manual tuning of the dropout…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Sicheng Yang , Zhaohu Xing , Lei Zhu

Vector-quantized representations enable powerful discrete generative models but lack semantic structure in token space, limiting interpretable human control. We introduce SOM-VQ, a tokenization method that combines vector quantization with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Alessandro Londei , Denise Lanzieri , Matteo Benati

In recent years, deep neural networks have been utilized in a wide variety of applications including image generation. In particular, generative adversarial networks (GANs) are able to produce highly realistic pictures as part of tasks such…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-20 Hyunsuk Ko , Dae Yeol Lee , Seunghyun Cho , Alan C. Bovik

An ongoing trend in generative modelling research has been to push sample resolutions higher whilst simultaneously reducing computational requirements for training and sampling. We aim to push this trend further via the combination of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Alex F. McKinney , Chris G. Willcocks

Visual tokenizers are pivotal in multimodal large models, acting as bridges between continuous inputs and discrete tokens. Nevertheless, training high-compression-rate VQ-VAEs remains computationally demanding, often necessitating thousands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Borui Zhang , Qihang Rao , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

While diffusion models dominate the field of visual generation, they are computationally inefficient, applying a uniform computational effort regardless of different complexity. In contrast, autoregressive (AR) models are inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jian Han , Jinlai Liu , Jiahuan Wang , Bingyue Peng , Zehuan Yuan

Visual autoregressive (AR) generation offers a promising path toward unifying vision and language models, yet its performance remains suboptimal against diffusion models. Prior work often attributes this gap to tokenizer limitations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Qiyuan He , Yicong Li , Haotian Ye , Jinghao Wang , Xinyao Liao , Pheng-Ann Heng , Stefano Ermon , James Zou , Angela Yao

Text-to-image synthesis aims to generate a photo-realistic image from a given natural language description. Previous works have made significant progress with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Nonetheless, it is still hard to generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Eunyeong Jeon , Kunhee Kim , Daijin Kim