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Important information that relates to a specific topic in a document is often organized in tabular format to assist readers with information retrieval and comparison, which may be difficult to provide in natural language. However, tabular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Xu Zhong , Elaheh ShafieiBavani , Antonio Jimeno Yepes

Structure extraction from document images has been a long-standing research topic due to its high impact on a wide range of practical applications. In this paper, we share our findings on employing a hierarchical semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Mausoom Sarkar , Milan Aggarwal , Arneh Jain , Hiresh Gupta , Balaji Krishnamurthy

Form understanding depends on both textual contents and organizational structure. Although modern OCR performs well, it is still challenging to realize general form understanding because forms are commonly used and of various formats. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Zilong Wang , Mingjie Zhan , Xuebo Liu , Ding Liang

In this paper, we propose DEXTER, an end to end system to extract information from tables present in medical health documents, such as electronic health records (EHR) and explanation of benefits (EOB). DEXTER consists of four sub-system…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Nandhinee PR , Harinath Krishnamoorthy , Koushik Srivatsan , Anil Goyal , Sudarsun Santhiappan

Document intelligence as a relatively new research topic supports many business applications. Its main task is to automatically read, understand, and analyze documents. However, due to the diversity of formats (invoices, reports, forms,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhenrong Zhang , Jiefeng Ma , Jun Du , Licheng Wang , Jianshu Zhang

Localizing page elements/objects such as tables, figures, equations, etc. is the primary step in extracting information from document images. We propose a novel end-to-end trainable deep network, (CDeC-Net) for detecting tables present in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Madhav Agarwal , Ajoy Mondal , C. V. Jawahar

With the widespread use of mobile phones and scanners to photograph and upload documents, the need for extracting the information trapped in unstructured document images such as retail receipts, insurance claim forms and financial invoices…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Shubham Paliwal , Vishwanath D , Rohit Rahul , Monika Sharma , Lovekesh Vig

Foundation models trained on patient electronic health records (EHRs) require tokenizing medical data into sequences of discrete vocabulary items. Existing tokenizers treat medical codes from EHRs as isolated textual tokens. However, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiaorui Su , Shvat Messica , Yepeng Huang , Ruth Johnson , Lukas Fesser , Shanghua Gao , Faryad Sahneh , Marinka Zitnik

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is a natural language processing task which has the objective of categorising text documents into a set of classes from a predefined structured class hierarchy. Recent HTC approaches use various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Jaco du Toit , Marcel Dunaiski

Tables organize valuable content in a concise and compact representation. This content is extremely valuable for systems such as search engines, Knowledge Graph's, etc, since they enhance their predictive capabilities. Unfortunately, tables…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Ahmed Nassar , Nikolaos Livathinos , Maksym Lysak , Peter Staar

Document-level relation extraction aims to extract relations among multiple entity pairs from a document. Previously proposed graph-based or transformer-based models utilize the entities independently, regardless of global information among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Ningyu Zhang , Xiang Chen , Xin Xie , Shumin Deng , Chuanqi Tan , Mosha Chen , Fei Huang , Luo Si , Huajun Chen

Document Structured Extraction (DSE) aims to extract structured content from raw documents. Despite the emergence of numerous DSE systems, their unified evaluation remains inadequate, significantly hindering the field's advancement. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zichao Li , Aizier Abulaiti , Yaojie Lu , Xuanang Chen , Jia Zheng , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

As global trends are shifting towards data-driven industries, the demand for automated algorithms that can convert digital images of scanned documents into machine readable information is rapidly growing. Besides the opportunity of data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Pascal Fischer , Alen Smajic , Alexander Mehler , Giuseppe Abrami

Text alignment finds application in tasks such as citation recommendation and plagiarism detection. Existing alignment methods operate at a single, predefined level and cannot learn to align texts at, for example, sentence and document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Xuhui Zhou , Nikolaos Pappas , Noah A. Smith

Classification of document images is a critical step for archival of old manuscripts, online subscription and administrative procedures. Computer vision and deep learning have been suggested as a first solution to classify documents based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Nicolas Audebert , Catherine Herold , Kuider Slimani , Cédric Vidal

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is essential for various real applications. However, HTC models are challenging to develop because they often require processing a large volume of documents and labels with hierarchical taxonomy.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 SangHun Im , Gibaeg Kim , Heung-Seon Oh , Seongung Jo , Donghwan Kim

Document comparison typically relies on optical character recognition (OCR) as its core technology. However, OCR requires the selection of appropriate language models for each document and the performance of multilingual or hybrid models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Doyoung Park , Naresh Reddy Yarram , Sunjin Kim , Minkyu Kim , Seongho Cho , Taehee Lee

Open-domain extractive question answering works well on textual data by first retrieving candidate texts and then extracting the answer from those candidates. However, some questions cannot be answered by text alone but require information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Bogdan Kostić , Julian Risch , Timo Möller

We explore using multilingual document embeddings for nearest neighbor mining of parallel data. Three document-level representations are investigated: (i) document embeddings generated by simply averaging multilingual sentence embeddings;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Mandy Guo , Yinfei Yang , Keith Stevens , Daniel Cer , Heming Ge , Yun-Hsuan Sung , Brian Strope , Ray Kurzweil

The automated extraction of structured questions from paper-based mathematics exams is fundamental to intelligent education, yet remains challenging in real-world settings due to severe visual noise. Existing benchmarks mainly focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chenyue Zhou , Jiayi Tuo , Shitong Qin , Wei Dai , Mingxuan Wang , Ziwei Zhao , Duoyang Li , Shiyang Su , Yanxi Lu , Yanbiao Ma