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Federated learning (FL) is an important paradigm for training global models from decentralized data in a privacy-preserving way. Existing FL methods usually assume the global model can be trained on any participating client. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Ruixuan Liu , Fangzhao Wu , Chuhan Wu , Yanlin Wang , Lingjuan Lyu , Hong Chen , Xing Xie

The increasing size of data generated by smartphones and IoT devices motivated the development of Federated Learning (FL), a framework for on-device collaborative training of machine learning models. First efforts in FL focused on learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Othmane Marfoq , Giovanni Neglia , Aurélien Bellet , Laetitia Kameni , Richard Vidal

Graph-structured data is prevalent in many applications. In subgraph federated learning (FL), this data is distributed across clients, each with a local subgraph. Personalized subgraph FL aims to develop a customized model for each client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Wenfei Liang , Yanan Zhao , Rui She , Yiming Li , Wee Peng Tay

Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple privacy-sensitive applications to leverage their dataset for a global model construction without any disclosure of the information. One of those domains is healthcare, where groups of silos…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Usevalad Milasheuski , Luca Barbieri , Bernardo Camajori Tedeschini , Monica Nicoli , Stefano Savazzi

Federated learning is a method of training models on private data distributed over multiple devices. To keep device data private, the global model is trained by only communicating parameters and updates which poses scalability challenges…

Federated Learning (FL) is a novel approach that allows for collaborative machine learning while preserving data privacy by leveraging models trained on decentralized devices. However, FL faces challenges due to non-uniformly distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Changlin Song , Divya Saxena , Jiannong Cao , Yuqing Zhao

Data generated at the network edge can be processed locally by leveraging the paradigm of edge computing (EC). Aided by EC, decentralized federated learning (DFL), which overcomes the single-point-of-failure problem in the parameter server…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Yunming Liao , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Lun Wang , Chen Qian

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning paradigm through centralized model aggregation. However, standard federated learning relies on a centralized server, making it vulnerable to server failures. While existing solutions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Hongliang Zhang , Fenghua Xu , Zhongyuan Yu , Shanchen Pang , Chunqiang Hu , Jiguo Yu

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative machine learning across distributed data owners, but data heterogeneity poses a challenge for model calibration. While prior work focused on improving accuracy for non-iid data, calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hongyi Peng , Han Yu , Xiaoli Tang , Xiaoxiao Li

Federated learning (FL) is a recently proposed distributed machine learning paradigm dealing with distributed and private data sets. Based on the data partition pattern, FL is often categorized into horizontal, vertical, and hybrid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Xinwei Zhang , Wotao Yin , Mingyi Hong , Tianyi Chen

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning approach where multiple clients collaboratively train a model without sharing their local data, which contributes to preserving privacy. A challenge in federated learning is managing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rickard Brännvall

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized devices while preserving data privacy. However, real-world FL deployments face critical challenges such as data imbalances, including label noise and non-IID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Siqi Zhu , Joshua D. Kaggie

Federated learning (FL) is able to manage edge devices to cooperatively train a model while maintaining the training data local and private. One common assumption in FL is that all edge devices share the same machine learning model in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Chan Yun Hin , Ngai Edith

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a decentralized machine learning technique, allowing clients to train a global model collaboratively without sharing private data. However, most FL studies ignore the crucial challenge of heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Huy Q. Le , Ye Lin Tun , Yu Qiao , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Keon Oh Kim , Eui-Nam Huh , Choong Seon Hong

Partially class-disjoint data (PCDD), a common yet under-explored data formation where each client contributes a part of classes (instead of all classes) of samples, severely challenges the performance of federated algorithms. Without full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Ziqing Fan , Ruipeng Zhang , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

In real-world federated learning scenarios, participants could have their own personalized labels which are incompatible with those from other clients, due to using different label permutations or tackling completely different tasks or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Wonyong Jeong , Sung Ju Hwang

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising distributed machine learning approach that enables collaborative training of a global model using multiple edge devices. The data distributed among the edge devices is highly heterogeneous. Thus, FL…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Ji Liu , Beichen Ma , Qiaolin Yu , Ruoming Jin , Jingbo Zhou , Yang Zhou , Huaiyu Dai , Haixun Wang , Dejing Dou , Patrick Valduriez

Federated learning (FL) enables a set of distributed clients to jointly train machine learning models while preserving their local data privacy, making it attractive for applications in healthcare, finance, mobility, and smart-city systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Eman M. AbouNassar , Amr Elshall , Sameh Abdulah

Federated learning aims to train models collaboratively across different clients without the sharing of data for privacy considerations. However, one major challenge for this learning paradigm is the {\em data heterogeneity} problem, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yujun Shi , Jian Liang , Wenqing Zhang , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Song Bai

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed framework for collaboratively training with privacy guarantees. In real-world scenarios, clients may have Non-IID data (local class imbalance) with poor annotation quality (label noise). The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Chenrui Wu , Zexi Li , Fangxin Wang , Chao Wu