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The gauge symmetries of a general dynamical system can be systematically obtained following either a Hamiltonean or a Lagrangean approach. In the former case, these symmetries are generated, according to Dirac's conjecture, by the first…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Heinz J. Rothe , Klaus D. Rothe

We study Hamiltonian form of unfree gauge symmetry where the gauge parameters have to obey differential equations. We consider the general case such that the Dirac-Bergmann algorithm does not necessarily terminate at secondary constraints,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-07 V. A. Abakumova , S. L. Lyakhovich

Exact procedures that follow Dirac's constraint quantization of gauge theories are usually technically involved and often difficult to implement in practice. We overview an "effective" scheme for obtaining the leading order semiclassical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Artur Tsobanjan

Fermions are coupled to the Einstein-Cartan system in the canonical formulation, including the cosmological, the Barbero-Immirzi, and the non-minimal coupling constants. The resulting ten first-class constraints generate gauge…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-02 Erick I. Duque

The gauge symmetries of a general dynamical system can be systematically obtained following either a Hamiltonean or a Lagrangean approach. In the former case, these symmetries are generated, according to Dirac's conjecture, by the first…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Heinz J. Rothe , Klaus D. Rothe

The Dirac constraint formalism is used to analyze the first order form of the Einstein-Hilbert action in d > 2 dimensions. Unlike previous treatments, this is done without eliminating fields at the outset by solving equations of motion that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-21 D. G. C. McKeon

Dirac's approach to gauge symmetries is discussed. We follow closely the steps that led him from his conjecture concerning the generators of gauge transformations {\it at a given time} --to be contrasted with the common view of gauge…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Josep M. Pons

We analyze the canonical treatment of classical constrained mechanical systems formulated with a discrete time. We prove that under very general conditions, it is possible to introduce nonsingular canonical transformations that preserve the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Cayetano Di Bartolo , Rodolfo Gambini , Rafael Porto , Jorge Pullin

In this paper, I consider a recent controversy about whether first-class constraints generate gauge transformations in the case of electromagnetism. I argue that there is a notion of gauge transformation, the extended notion, which is…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Álvaro Mozota Frauca

In the slave particle representation with $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, local constraints on physical states characterized by various mean field solutions belong to Dirac's second-class ones. Although constrained systems are extensively…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-08-14 Long Liang , Yue Yu , Xi Luo

We apply the Dirac procedure for constrained systems to the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formalism linearized around the Friedmann-Lemaitre universe. We explain and employ some basic concepts such as Dirac observables, Dirac brackets, gauge-fixing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-30 Przemysław Małkiewicz

We establish the non-perturbative validity of the gauge anomaly cancellation condition in an effective electroweak theory of massless fermions with finite momentum cut-off and Fermi interaction. The requirement that the current is conserved…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-03 Vieri Mastropietro

We consider (2+1)-gravity with vanishing cosmological constant as a constrained dynamical system. By applying Dirac's gauge fixing procedure, we implement the constraints and determine the Dirac bracket on the gauge-invariant phase space.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-10-05 Catherine Meusburger , Torsten Schönfeld

The SU(2) gauge invariant Dirac-Yang-Mills mechanics of spatially homogeneous isospinor and gauge fields is considered in the framework of the generalized Hamiltonian approach. The unconstrained Hamiltonian system equivalent to the model is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 S. A. Gogilidze , A. M. Khvedelidze , D. M. Mladenov , H. -P. Pavel

How to make compatible both boundary and gauge conditions for generally covariant theories using the gauge symmetry generated by first class constraints is studied. This approach employs finite gauge transformations in contrast with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Merced Montesinos , Jose David Vergara

The Hamiltonian description for a wide class of mechanical systems, having local symmetry transformations depending on time derivatives of the gauge parameters of arbitrary order, is constructed. The Poisson brackets of the Hamiltonian and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Kh. S. Nirov

We use the gauge unfixing (GU) formalism framework in a two dimensional noncommutative chiral bosons (NCCB) model to disclose new hidden symmetries. That amounts to converting a second-class system to a first-class one without adding any…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-09 Cleber N. Costa , Gabriella V. Ambrósio , Paulo R. F. Alves , Jorge Ananias Neto , Ronaldo Thibes

We analyze the Hamiltonian structure of an extended chiral bosons theory in which the self-dual constraint is introduced via a control $\alpha$-parameter. The system has two second-class constraints in the non-critical regime and an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-15 Gabriella V. Ambrosio , Cleber N. Costa , Paulo R. F. Alves , Jorge Ananias Neto , Ronaldo Thibes

A specific class of gauge theories is geometrically described in terms of fermions. In particular, it is shown how the geometrical frame presented naturally includes spontaneous symmetry breaking of Yang-Mills gauge theories without making…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Juergen Tolksdorf , Torsten Thumstaedter

The gauge invariance analysis of theories described in noncommutative (NC) space-times can lead us to interesting results since noncommutativity is one of the possible paths to investigate quantum effects in classical theories such as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-10-12 Everton M. C. Abreu , Jorge A. Neto , Rafael L. Fernandes , Albert C. R. Mendes