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"How to evaluate the de novo designs proposed by a generative model?" Despite the transformative potential of generative deep learning in drug discovery, this seemingly simple question has no clear answer. The absence of standardized…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-14 Rıza Özçelik , Francesca Grisoni

De novo design of molecules has recently enjoyed the power of generative deep neural networks. Current approaches aim to generate molecules either resembling the properties of the molecules of the training set or molecules that are…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-02 Ahmadreza Ghanbarpour , Markus A. Lill

The goal of structure-based drug discovery is to find small molecules that bind to a given target protein. Deep learning has been used to generate drug-like molecules with certain cheminformatic properties, but has not yet been applied to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-27 Matthew Ragoza , Tomohide Masuda , David Ryan Koes

Advances in large language models (LLMs) have recently opened new and promising avenues for small-molecule drug discovery. Yet existing LLM-based approaches for molecular generation often suffer from high rates of invalid and low-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Andrew Y. Zhou , Sharvaree Vadgama , Sumanth Varambally , Peter Eckmann , Michael K. Gilson , Rose Yu

Machine learning (ML) has been playing important roles in drug discovery in the past years by providing (pre-)screening tools for prioritising chemical compounds to pass through wet lab experiments. One of the main ML tasks in drug…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-25 Alex G. C. de Sá , David B. Ascher

Optimizing chemical properties is a challenging task due to the vastness and complexity of chemical space. Here, we present a generative energy-based architecture for implicit chemical property optimization, designed to efficiently generate…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-19 Luca Miglior , Lorenzo Simone , Marco Podda , Davide Bacciu

Generating novel graph structures that optimize given objectives while obeying some given underlying rules is fundamental for chemistry, biology and social science research. This is especially important in the task of molecular graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Jiaxuan You , Bowen Liu , Rex Ying , Vijay Pande , Jure Leskovec

Deep generative models, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), have been employed for $de~novo$ molecular generation in drug discovery. Most prior studies have utilized reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, particularly Monte…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-09 Huidong Tang , Chen Li , Sayaka Kamei , Yoshihiro Yamanishi , Yasuhiko Morimoto

Lead optimization is a pivotal task in the drug design phase within the drug discovery lifecycle. The primary objective is to refine the lead compound to meet specific molecular properties for progression to the subsequent phase of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-22 Siddartha Reddy N , Sai Prakash MV , Varun V , Vishal Vaddina , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan

The rational design of molecules with desired properties is a long-standing challenge in chemistry. Generative neural networks have emerged as a powerful approach to sample novel molecules from a learned distribution. Here, we propose a…

De novo generation of hit-like molecules is a challenging task in the drug discovery process. Most methods in previous studies learn the semantics and syntax of molecular structures by analyzing molecular graphs or simplified molecular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Chen Li , Yoshihiro Yamanishi

Searching the vast chemical space for drug-like molecules that bind with a protein pocket is a challenging task in drug discovery. Recently, structure-based generative models have been introduced which promise to be more efficient by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Tony Shen , Seonghwan Seo , Grayson Lee , Mohit Pandey , Jason R Smith , Artem Cherkasov , Woo Youn Kim , Martin Ester

We propose a molecular generative model based on the conditional variational autoencoder for de novo molecular design. It is specialized to control multiple molecular properties simultaneously by imposing them on a latent space. As a proof…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Jaechang Lim , Seongok Ryu , Jin Woo Kim , Woo Youn Kim

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained traction in the complex domain of drug discovery because of their ability to process graph-structured data such as drug molecule models. This approach has resulted in a myriad of methods and models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Katherine Berry , Liang Cheng

Discovery of novel and promising materials is a critical challenge in the field of chemistry and material science, traditionally approached through methodologies ranging from trial-and-error to machine learning-driven inverse design. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Dong Hyeon Mok , Seoin Back

We devise an approach for targeted molecular design, a problem of interest in computational drug discovery: given a target protein site, we wish to generate a chemical with both high binding affinity to the target and satisfactory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong

Although generative models hold promise for discovering molecules with optimized desired properties, they often fail to suggest synthesizable molecules that improve upon the known molecules seen in training. We find that a key limitation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Evan R. Antoniuk , Peggy Li , Nathan Keilbart , Stephen Weitzner , Bhavya Kailkhura , Anna M. Hiszpanski

Generative tasks about molecules, including but not limited to molecule generation, are crucial for drug discovery and material design, and have consistently attracted significant attention. In recent years, diffusion models have emerged as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Liang Wang , Chao Song , Zhiyuan Liu , Yu Rong , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Deep generative models have been shown powerful in generating novel molecules with desired chemical properties via their representations such as strings, trees or graphs. However, these models are limited in recommending synthetic routes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Dai Hai Nguyen , Koji Tsuda

Graph Machine Learning (GML) is receiving growing interest within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries for its ability to model biomolecular structures, the functional relationships between them, and integrate multi-omic datasets…