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Many strategic decision-making problems, such as environment design for warehouse robots, can be naturally formulated as bi-level reinforcement learning (RL), where a leader agent optimizes its objective while a follower solves a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Mikoto Kudo , Takumi Tanabe , Akifumi Wachi , Youhei Akimoto

Autonomous vehicles need to accomplish their tasks while interacting with human drivers in traffic. It is thus crucial to equip autonomous vehicles with artificial reasoning to better comprehend the intentions of the surrounding traffic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Xiao Li , Kaiwen Liu , H. Eric Tseng , Anouck Girard , Ilya Kolmanovsky

We present an algorithm that, given a representation of a road network in lane-level detail, computes a route that minimizes the expected cost to reach a given destination. In doing so, our algorithm allows us to solve for the complex…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Mitchell Jones , Maximilian Haas-Heger , Jur van den Berg

In this paper, we develop a safe decision-making method for self-driving cars in a multi-lane, single-agent setting. The proposed approach utilizes deep reinforcement learning (RL) to achieve a high-level policy for safe tactical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Arash Mohammadhasani , Hamed Mehrivash , Alan Lynch , Zhan Shu

Autonomous driving at intersections is one of the most complicated and accident-prone traffic scenarios, especially with mixed traffic participants such as vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians. The driving policy should make safe decisions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Jianhua Jiang , Yangang Ren , Yang Guan , Shengbo Eben Li , Yuming Yin , Xiaoping Jin

Algorithm performance in combinatorial optimization is highly sensitive to parameter settings, while a single globally tuned configuration often fails to exploit the heterogeneity of instances. This limitation is particularly evident in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yinghao Qin , Xinwei Wang , Mosab Bazargani , Jun Chen

General-purpose planning algorithms for automated driving combine mission, behavior, and local motion planning. Such planning algorithms map features of the environment and driving kinematics into complex reward functions. To achieve this,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Sascha Rosbach , Vinit James , Simon Großjohann , Silviu Homoceanu , Xing Li , Stefan Roth

The operational space of an autonomous vehicle (AV) can be diverse and vary significantly. This may lead to a scenario that was not postulated in the design phase. Due to this, formulating a rule based decision maker for selecting maneuvers…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Subramanya Nageshrao , Eric Tseng , Dimitar Filev

Making the right decision in traffic is a challenging task that is highly dependent on individual preferences as well as the surrounding environment. Therefore it is hard to model solely based on expert knowledge. In this work we use Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Peter Wolf , Karl Kurzer , Tobias Wingert , Florian Kuhnt , J. Marius Zöllner

Learning-based vehicle planning is receiving increasing attention with the emergence of diverse driving simulators and large-scale driving datasets. While offline reinforcement learning (RL) is well suited for these safety-critical tasks,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Zenan Li , Fan Nie , Qiao Sun , Fang Da , Hang Zhao

Bilevel learning has gained prominence in machine learning, inverse problems, and imaging applications, including hyperparameter optimization, learning data-adaptive regularizers, and optimizing forward operators. The large-scale nature of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-20 Mohammad Sadegh Salehi , Subhadip Mukherjee , Lindon Roberts , Matthias J. Ehrhardt

Trajectory optimization using a learned model of the environment is one of the core elements of model-based reinforcement learning. This procedure often suffers from exploiting inaccuracies of the learned model. We propose to regularize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Rinu Boney , Norman Di Palo , Mathias Berglund , Alexander Ilin , Juho Kannala , Antti Rasmus , Harri Valpola

In this work the problem of path planning for an autonomous vehicle that moves on a freeway is considered. The most common approaches that are used to address this problem are based on optimal control methods, which make assumptions about…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Konstantinos Makantasis , Maria Kontorinaki , Ioannis Nikolos

Bi-level optimization, especially the gradient-based category, has been widely used in the deep learning community including hyperparameter optimization and meta-knowledge extraction. Bi-level optimization embeds one problem within another…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Can Chen , Xi Chen , Chen Ma , Zixuan Liu , Xue Liu

In order to minimize the impact of lane change (LC) maneuver on surrounding traffic environment, a hierarchical automatic LC algorithm that could realize local optimum has been proposed. This algorithm consists of a tactical layer planner…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Yang Li , Linbo Li , Daiheng Ni , Wenxuang Wang

Bilevel programs are optimization problems where some variables are solutions to optimization problems themselves, and they arise in a variety of control applications, including: control of vehicle traffic networks, inverse reinforcement…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-27 Aurélien Ouattara , Anil Aswani

To improve the driving mobility and energy efficiency of connected autonomous electrified vehicles, this paper presents an integrated longitudinal speed decision-making and energy efficiency control strategy. The proposed approach is a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-27 Teng Liu , Bo Wang , Dongpu Cao , Xiaolin Tang , Yalian Yang

Safe and efficient autonomous driving maneuvers in an interactive and complex environment can be considerably challenging due to the unpredictable actions of other surrounding agents that may be cooperative or adversarial in their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Pin Wang , Ching-Yao Chan , Hanhan Li

We present a holistically designed three layer control architecture capable of outperforming a professional driver racing the same car. Our approach focuses on the co-design of the motion planning and control layers, extracting the full…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Sirish Srinivasan , Sebastian Nicolas Giles , Alexander Liniger

Driving in the dynamic, multi-agent, and complex urban environment is a difficult task requiring a complex decision policy. The learning of such a policy requires a state representation that can encode the entire environment. Mid-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Eshagh Kargar , Ville Kyrki