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This paper introduces a method for detecting inappropriately targeting language in online conversations by integrating crowd and expert annotations with ChatGPT. We focus on English conversation threads from Reddit, examining comments that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Baran Barbarestani , Isa Maks , Piek Vossen

This study uses the cosine similarity ratio, embedding regression, and manual re-annotation to diagnose hate speech classification. We begin by computing cosine similarity ratio on a dataset "Measuring Hate Speech" that contains 135,556…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Xilin Yang

Reliable automatic hate speech (HS) detection systems must adapt to the in-flow of diverse new data to curtail hate speech. However, hate speech detection systems commonly lack generalizability in identifying hate speech dissimilar to data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Shi Yin Hong , Susan Gauch

Speech is a natural interface for humans to interact with robots. Yet, aligning a robot's voice to its appearance is challenging due to the rich vocabulary of both modalities. Previous research has explored a few labels to describe robots…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Pol van Rijn , Silvan Mertes , Kathrin Janowski , Katharina Weitz , Nori Jacoby , Elisabeth André

Natural language processing is a fast-growing field of artificial intelligence. Since the Transformer was introduced by Google in 2017, a large number of language models such as BERT, GPT, and ELMo have been inspired by this architecture.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Quang Huu Pham , Viet Anh Nguyen , Linh Bao Doan , Ngoc N. Tran , Ta Minh Thanh

Text-based communication is highly favoured as a communication method, especially in business environments. As a result, it is often abused by sending malicious messages, e.g., spam emails, to deceive users into relaying personal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Annalisa Occhipinti , Louis Rogers , Claudio Angione

With the widespread online social networks, hate speeches are spreading faster and causing more damage than ever before. Existing hate speech detection methods have limitations in several aspects, such as handling data insufficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Guanyi Mou , Kyumin Lee

Online hate speech is a recent problem in our society that is rising at a steady pace by leveraging the vulnerabilities of the corresponding regimes that characterise most social media platforms. This phenomenon is primarily fostered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Ioannis Mollas , Zoe Chrysopoulou , Stamatis Karlos , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Transformer-based machine learning models have become an essential tool for many natural language processing (NLP) tasks since the introduction of the method. A common objective of these projects is to classify text data. Classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zoltán Kmetty , Bence Kollányi , Krisztián Boros

In this paper, we present our participation in SemEval-2020 Task-12 Subtask-A (English Language) which focuses on offensive language identification from noisy labels. To this end, we developed a hybrid system with the BERT classifier…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Manikandan Ravikiran , Amin Ekant Muljibhai , Toshinori Miyoshi , Hiroaki Ozaki , Yuta Koreeda , Sakata Masayuki

Hate speech in social media is a growing phenomenon, and detecting such toxic content has recently gained significant traction in the research community. Existing studies have explored fine-tuning language models (LMs) to perform hate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Md Rabiul Awal , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Eshaan Tanwar , Tanmay Garg , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The ubiquity of offensive content on social media is a growing cause for concern among companies and government organizations. Recently, transformer-based models such as BERT, XLNET, and XLM-R have achieved state-of-the-art performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Marcos Zampieri

Organizations increasingly depend on endpoint devices and corporate communication channels, yet they still face critical risks such as sensitive data leakage, suspicious user behavior, and the circulation of hateful or harmful language in…

Named entity recognition (NER) is frequently addressed as a sequence classification task where each input consists of one sentence of text. It is nevertheless clear that useful information for the task can often be found outside of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Jouni Luoma , Sampo Pyysalo

Pre-training by language modeling has become a popular and successful approach to NLP tasks, but we have yet to understand exactly what linguistic capacities these pre-training processes confer upon models. In this paper we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Allyson Ettinger

Hate speech has become one of the most significant issues in modern society, having implications in both the online and the offline world. Due to this, hate speech research has recently gained a lot of traction. However, most of the work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Mithun Das , Rohit Raj , Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Manish Gupta , Animesh Mukherjee

In recent years, monitoring hate speech and offensive language on social media platforms has become paramount due to its widespread usage among all age groups, races, and ethnicities. Consequently, there have been substantial research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Aneri Rana , Sonali Jha

Large language models are widely deployed in high-stakes NLP tasks, yet risks such as bias, hallucination, adversarial vulnerability and unreliable generalization remain. Probe-based auditing reveals inconsistencies in model behavior.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Most. Sharmin Sultana Samu , MD. Tanvir Ahmed Seum , Md. Rakibul Islam

Human biases have been shown to influence the performance of models and algorithms in various fields, including Natural Language Processing. While the study of this phenomenon is garnering focus in recent years, the available resources are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Ana Sofia Evans , Helena Moniz , Luísa Coheur

Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. A…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Keyan Guo , Alexander Hu , Jaden Mu , Ziheng Shi , Ziming Zhao , Nishant Vishwamitra , Hongxin Hu