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Hate speech is a form of online harassment that involves the use of abusive language, and it is commonly seen in social media posts. This sort of harassment mainly focuses on specific group characteristics such as religion, gender,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Georgios K. Pitsilis

With the fast development of Machine Translation (MT) systems, especially the new boost from Neural MT (NMT) models, the MT output quality has reached a new level of accuracy. However, many researchers criticised that the current popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Lifeng Han

\textbf{Offensive Content Warning}: This paper contains offensive language only for providing examples that clarify this research and do not reflect the authors' opinions. Please be aware that these examples are offensive and may cause you…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Urja Khurana , Ivar Vermeulen , Eric Nalisnick , Marloes van Noorloos , Antske Fokkens

Discriminatory language and biases are often present in hate speech during conversations, which usually lead to negative impacts on targeted groups such as those based on race, gender, and religion. To tackle this issue, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Shaina Raza , Chen Ding , Deval Pandya

Hate speech detection across contemporary social media presents unique challenges due to linguistic diversity and the informal nature of online discourse. These challenges are further amplified in settings involving code-mixing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Daman Deep Singh , Ramanuj Bhattacharjee , Abhijnan Chakraborty

Large language models (LLMs) excel in many diverse applications beyond language generation, e.g., translation, summarization, and sentiment analysis. One intriguing application is in text classification. This becomes pertinent in the realm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Tharindu Kumarage , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Joshua Garland

In today's age, social media reigns as the paramount communication platform, providing individuals with the avenue to express their conjectures, intellectual propositions, and reflections. Unfortunately, this freedom often comes with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jhuma Kabir Mim , Mourad Oussalah , Akash Singhal

Hate speech is plaguing the cyberspace along with user-generated content. This paper investigates the role of conversational context in the annotation and detection of online hate and counter speech, where context is defined as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Xinchen Yu , Eduardo Blanco , Lingzi Hong

Transformers are the most eminent architectures used for a vast range of Natural Language Processing tasks. These models are pre-trained over a large text corpus and are meant to serve state-of-the-art results over tasks like text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Abhishek Velankar , Hrushikesh Patil , Raviraj Joshi

Hate speech detection has been extensively studied, yet existing methods often overlook a real-world complexity: training labels are biased, and interpretations of what is considered hate vary across individuals with different cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Weibin Cai , Reza Zafarani

Recent developments in online communication and their usage in everyday life have caused an explosion in the amount of a new genre of text data, short text. Thus, the need to classify this type of text based on its content has a significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Bruno D. Ferreira-Saraiva , Zuil Pirola , João P. Matos-Carvalho , Manuel Marques-Pita

Technological advances in the Internet and online social networks have brought many benefits to humanity. At the same time, this growth has led to an increase in hate speech, the main global threat. To improve the reliability of black-box…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ghislain Dorian Tchuente Mondjo

Offensive language detection is an ever-growing natural language processing (NLP) application. This growth is mainly because of the widespread usage of social networks, which becomes a mainstream channel for people to communicate, work, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Ehab Hamdy

In this research, we investigate techniques to detect hate speech in movies. We introduce a new dataset collected from the subtitles of six movies, where each utterance is annotated either as hate, offensive or normal. We apply transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Niklas von Boguszewski , Sana Moin , Anirban Bhowmick , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann

Today, the internet is an integral part of our daily lives, enabling people to be more connected than ever before. However, this greater connectivity and access to information increase exposure to harmful content such as cyber-bullying and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Lanqin Yuan , Tianyu Wang , Gabriela Ferraro , Hanna Suominen , Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

The spectacular expansion of the Internet has led to the development of a new research problem in the field of natural language processing: automatic toxic comment detection, since many countries prohibit hate speech in public media. There…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Ashwin Geet D'Sa , Irina Illina , Dominique Fohr

The usage of more than one language in the same text is referred to as Code Mixed. It is evident that there is a growing degree of adaption of the use of code-mixed data, especially English with a regional language, on social media…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Gauri Takawane , Abhishek Phaltankar , Varad Patwardhan , Aryan Patil , Raviraj Joshi , Mukta S. Takalikar

Integrating human expertise into machine learning systems often reduces the role of experts to labeling oracles, a paradigm that limits the amount of information exchanged and fails to capture the nuances of human judgment. We address this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Belén Martín-Urcelay , Yoonsang Lee , Matthieu R. Bloch , Christopher J. Rozell

How can we design Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems that learn from human feedback? There is a growing research body of Human-in-the-loop (HITL) NLP frameworks that continuously integrate human feedback to improve the model itself.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Zijie J. Wang , Dongjin Choi , Shenyu Xu , Diyi Yang

With the proliferation of social media, accurate detection of hate speech has become critical to ensure safety online. To combat nuanced forms of hate speech, it is important to identify and thoroughly explain hate speech to help users…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yongjin Yang , Joonkee Kim , Yujin Kim , Namgyu Ho , James Thorne , Se-young Yun
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