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Very deep convolutional networks with hundreds of layers have led to significant reductions in error on competitive benchmarks. Although the unmatched expressiveness of the many layers can be highly desirable at test time, training very…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-01 Gao Huang , Yu Sun , Zhuang Liu , Daniel Sedra , Kilian Weinberger

Existing analyses of neural network training often operate under the unrealistic assumption of an extremely small learning rate. This lies in stark contrast to practical wisdom and empirical studies, such as the work of J. Cohen et al.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Kwangjun Ahn , Sébastien Bubeck , Sinho Chewi , Yin Tat Lee , Felipe Suarez , Yi Zhang

Stochastic gradient optimization is the dominant learning paradigm for a variety of scenarios, from classical supervised learning to modern self-supervised learning. We consider stochastic gradient algorithms for learning problems whose…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-29 Facheng Yu , Ronak Mehta , Alex Luedtke , Zaid Harchaoui

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) excel at many tasks, often rivaling or surpassing human performance. Yet their internal processes remain elusive, frequently described as "black boxes." While performance can be refined experimentally, achieving…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-03 Sebastiano Ariosto

Scaling deep reinforcement learning networks is challenging and often results in degraded performance, yet the root causes of this failure mode remain poorly understood. Several recent works have proposed mechanisms to address this, but…

The computational demands of deep learning motivate the investigation of alternative approaches to computation. One alternative is physical neural networks~(PNNs), in which learning and inference are performed directly via physical…

Long-tailed learning has attracted much attention recently, with the goal of improving generalisation for tail classes. Most existing works use supervised learning without considering the prevailing noise in the training dataset. To move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Tong Wei , Jiang-Xin Shi , Wei-Wei Tu , Yu-Feng Li

The gradient noise of SGD is considered to play a central role in the observed strong generalization abilities of deep learning. While past studies confirm that the magnitude and the covariance structure of gradient noise are critical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Jingfeng Wu , Wenqing Hu , Haoyi Xiong , Jun Huan , Vladimir Braverman , Zhanxing Zhu

Deep neural networks is a branch in machine learning that has seen a meteoric rise in popularity due to its powerful abilities to represent and model high-level abstractions in highly complex data. One area in deep neural networks that is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-11-11 Mohammad Javad Shafiee , Parthipan Siva , Alexander Wong

The mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is widely used in training machine learning models, in particular deep learning models. We study SGD dynamics under linear regression and two-layer linear networks, with an easy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-29 Xin Qian , Diego Klabjan

Numerous models for supervised and reinforcement learning benefit from combinations of discrete and continuous model components. End-to-end learnable discrete-continuous models are compositional, tend to generalize better, and are more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 David Friede , Mathias Niepert

Statistical learning in high-dimensional spaces is challenging without a strong underlying data structure. Recent advances with foundational models suggest that text and image data contain such hidden structures, which help mitigate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-04 Charles Arnal , Clement Berenfeld , Simon Rosenberg , Vivien Cabannes

We propose GradTail, an algorithm that uses gradients to improve model performance on the fly in the face of long-tailed training data distributions. Unlike conventional long-tail classifiers which operate on converged - and possibly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Zhao Chen , Vincent Casser , Henrik Kretzschmar , Dragomir Anguelov

This paper studies the interplay between learning algorithms and graph structure for graph neural networks (GNNs). Existing theoretical studies on the learning dynamics of GNNs primarily focus on the convergence rates of learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

In the machine learning literature stochastic gradient descent has recently been widely discussed for its purported implicit regularization properties. Much of the theory, that attempts to clarify the role of noise in stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Alberto Lanconelli , Christopher S. A. Lauria

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been the dominant optimization method for training deep neural networks due to its many desirable properties. One of the more remarkable and least understood quality of SGD is that it generalizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Erhan Bilal

Stochastic approximation (SA) is a fundamental iterative framework with broad applications in reinforcement learning and optimization. Classical analyses typically rely on martingale difference or Markov noise with bounded second moments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Siddharth Chandak , Anuj Yadav , Ayfer Ozgur , Nicholas Bambos

Power-law probability distributions are widely used to model extreme statistical events in complex systems, with applications to a vast array of natural phenomena ranging from earthquakes to stock market crashes to pandemics. We show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Wai-Keong Mok

It is well-known that the Hessian of deep loss landscape matters to optimization, generalization, and even robustness of deep learning. Recent works empirically discovered that the Hessian spectrum in deep learning has a two-component…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Zeke Xie , Qian-Yuan Tang , Yunfeng Cai , Mingming Sun , Ping Li

Neural network optimization remains one of the most consequential yet poorly understood challenges in modern AI research, where improvements in training algorithms can lead to enhanced feature learning in foundation models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ansh Nagwekar