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This study presents a novel small-area estimation framework to enhance urban transportation planning through detailed characterization of travel behavior. Our approach improves on the four-step travel model by employing publicly available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yangyang Wang , Tayo Fabusuyi

For the first time the systems of cities in seven countries or regions among the largest in the world (China, India, Brazil, Europe, the Former Soviet Union (FSU), the United States and South Africa) are made comparable through the building…

The reliability of routine health data in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is often constrained by reporting delays and incomplete coverage, necessitating the exploration of novel data sources and analytics. Geospatial Foundation…

In developing countries, building codes often are outdated or not enforced. As a result, a large portion of the housing stock is substandard and vulnerable to natural hazards and climate related events. Assessing housing quality is key to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Chaofeng Wang , Sarah Elizabeth Antos , Jessica Grayson Gosling Goldsmith , Luis Miguel Triveno

The depiction of populations - of humans or animals - as "population pyramids" is a useful tool for the assessment of various characteristics of populations at a glance. Although these visualisations are well-known objects in various…

There is an increasing focus on reducing inequalities in health outcomes in developing countries. Subnational variation is of particular interest, with geographic data used to understand the spatial risk of detrimental outcomes and to…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-22 Neal Marquez , Jon Wakefield

A longstanding puzzle in urban science is whether there's an intrinsic match between human populations and the mass of their built environments. Previous findings have revealed various urban properties scaling nonlinearly with population,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-11 Kangning Huang , Mingzhen Lu

Scaling has been proposed as a powerful tool to analyze the properties of complex systems, and in particular for cities where it describes how various properties change with population. The empirical study of scaling on a wide range of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-18 Jules Depersin , Marc Barthelemy

Urban planning faces a critical challenge in balancing city-wide infrastructure needs with localized demographic preferences, particularly in rapidly developing regions. Although existing approaches typically focus on top-down optimization…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Pratham Singla , Ayush Singh , Adesh Gupta , Shivank Garg

Cities play a pivotal role in human development and sustainability, yet studying them presents significant challenges due to the vast scale and complexity of spatial-temporal data. One such challenge is the need to uncover universal urban…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Zhenhui Li , Hongwei Zhang , Kan Wu

This paper attempts to create a first comprehensive analysis of the integrated characteristics of contemporary Indian cities, using scaling and geographic analysis over a set of diverse indicators. We use data at the level of Urban…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-11 Anand Sahasranaman , Luís M. A. Bettencourt

Biases in large-scale image datasets are known to influence the performance of computer vision models as a function of geographic context. To investigate the limitations of standard Internet data collection methods in low- and middle-income…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Keziah Naggita , Julienne LaChance , Alice Xiang

In the globalized economic world, it has become important to understand the purpose behind infrastructural and construction initiatives occurring within developing regions of the earth. This is critical when the financing for such projects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Kyle McCullough , Andrew Feng , Meida Chen , Ryan McAlinden

Timely and accurate analysis of population-level data is crucial for effective decision-making during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the massive input of semi-structured data, including structured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Daqian Shi , Xiaolei Diao , Jinge Wu , Honghan Wu , Xiongfeng Tang , Felix Naughton , Paulina Bondaronek

We develop a Bayesian model-based approach to finite population estimation accounting for spatial dependence. Our innovation here is a framework that achieves inference for finite population quantities in spatial process settings. A key…

Applications · Statistics 2019-11-22 Alec M. Chan-Golston , Sudipto Banerjee , Mark S. Handcock

Any policy-level decision-making procedure and academic research involving the optimum use of resources for development and planning initiatives depends on accurate population density statistics. The current cutting-edge datasets offered by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Muhammad Abdul Rahman , Muhammad Ahmad Waseem , Zubair Khalid , Muhammad Tahir , Momin Uppal

Urban planners need up-to-date, global, and consistent street network models and indicators to measure resilience and performance, model accessibility, and target local quality-of-life interventions. This article presents up-to-date street…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-04 Geoff Boeing

Urban planning, which aims to design feasible land-use configurations for target areas, has become increasingly essential due to the high-speed urbanization process in the modern era. However, the traditional urban planning conducted by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Xuanming Hu , Wei Fan , Dongjie Wang , Pengyang Wang , Yong Li , Yanjie Fu

Supporting the health and well-being of dynamic populations around the world requires governmental agencies, organizations and researchers to understand and reason over complex relationships between human behavior and local contexts in…

Pixel-level slum mapping has long been constrained by limited cross-city generalisation, the absence of continuous density estimation, and weak global comparability. AlphaEarth Foundations (AEF), a globally consistent 64-dimensional annual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shuyang Hou , Ziqi Liu , Haoyue Jiao , Zhangyan Xu , Xiaopu Zhang , Lutong Xie , Yaxian Qing , Jianyuan Liang , Xuefeng Guan , Huayi Wua
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