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Knowledge of population distribution is critical for building infrastructure, distributing resources, and monitoring the progress of sustainable development goals. Although censuses can provide this information, they are typically conducted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Isaac Neal , Sohan Seth , Gary Watmough , Mamadou S. Diallo

Satellite-based slum segmentation holds significant promise in generating global estimates of urban poverty. However, the morphological heterogeneity of informal settlements presents a major challenge, hindering the ability of models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Sumin Lee , Sungwon Park , Jeasurk Yang , Jihee Kim , Meeyoung Cha

Global inequality has shifted inward, with rising dispersion increasingly occurring within countries rather than between them. Using 8,790 newly harmonised Functional Urban Areas (FUAs), micro-founded labour-market regions encompassing 3.9…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-21 Isaak Mengesha , Debraj Roy

In low and middle income countries, household surveys are a valuable source of information for a range of health and demographic indicators. Increasingly, subnational estimates are required for targeting interventions and evaluating…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-21 Katie Wilson , Jon Wakefield

This paper proposes a new model-based approach to small area estimation of general finite-population parameters based on grouped data or frequency data, which is often available from sample surveys. Grouped data contains information on…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-20 Yuki Kawakubo , Genya Kobayashi

Fine resolution estimates of demographic and socioeconomic attributes are crucial for planning and policy development. While several efforts have been made to produce fine-scale gridded population estimates, socioeconomic features are…

This dissertation is based on a project co-founded by the Health Market Quality Program (now Rozetta Institute) and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The overall objective of this work is to provide a framework and a tool for…

Applications · Statistics 2023-04-18 Ludovico Pinzari

Census data provide detailed information about population characteristics at a coarse resolution. Nevertheless, fine-grained, high-resolution mappings of population counts are increasingly needed to characterize population dynamics and to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Guillaume Derval , Frédéric Docquier , Pierre Schaus

While there has been an extended discussion concerning city population distribution, little has been said about administrative units. Even though there might be a correspondence between cities and administrative divisions, they are…

Applications · Statistics 2016-10-11 Oscar Fontanelli , Pedro Miramontes , Germinal Cocho , Wentian Li

Accurate and consistent mapping of urban and rural areas is crucial for sustainable development, spatial planning, and policy design. It is particularly important in simulating the complex interactions between human activities and natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mohammad Kakooei , James Bailie , Markus B. Pettersson , Albin Söderberg , Albin Becevic , Adel Daoud

Measures of wealth and production have been found to scale superlinearly with the population of a city. Therefore, it makes economic sense for humans to congregate together in dense settlements. A recent model of population dynamics showed…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-28 James PL Tan

Informal settlements are home to the most socially and economically vulnerable people on the planet. In order to deliver effective economic and social aid, non-government organizations (NGOs), such as the United Nations Children's Fund…

Analysis of the urban population fraction data for sixteen populous countries over the last fifty years reveals a universal increase in urbanization, exhibiting four qualitatively distinct temporal patterns: (i) continuously accelerating…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-06 Neeraj Pandey , Abhineet Agarwal , Raju Roychowdhury , Karmeshu , Parth Pratim Pandey

Urbanization has been the dominant demographic trend in the entire world, during the last half century. Rural to urban migration, international migration, and the re-classification or expansion of existing city boundaries have been among…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-12-19 Philippe Blanchard , Dimitri Volchenkov

More than a half of world population is now living in cities and this number is expected to be two-thirds by 2050. Fostered by the relevancy of a scientific characterization of cities and for the availability of an unprecedented amount of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-09-21 Luiz G. A. Alves , Renio S. Mendes , Ervin K. Lenzi , Haroldo V. Ribeiro

Smartphones and other mobile devices are today pervasive across the globe. As an interesting side effect of the surge in mobile communications, mobile network operators can now easily collect a wealth of high-resolution data on the habits…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Ghazaleh Khodabandelou , Vincent Gauthier , Mounim A. El-Yacoubi , Marco Fiore

Accurate, fine-grained poverty maps remain scarce across much of the Global South. While Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) provide high-quality socioeconomic data, their spatial coverage is limited and reported coordinates are randomly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Markus B. Pettersson , Adel Daoud

The need for rigorous and timely health and demographic summaries has provided the impetus for an explosion in geographic studies, with a common approach being the production of pixel-level maps, particularly in low and middle income…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-16 John Paige , Geir-Arne Fuglstad , Andrea Riebler , Jon Wakefield

Although the average population density of a city is an extremely simple indicator, it is often used as a determinant factor for describing various aspects of urban phenomena. On the other hand, a plethora of different measures that aim at…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-04 Valerio Volpati , Marc Barthelemy

A large proportion of Africa's infrastructure is yet to be built. Where and how these new buildings are constructed matters since today's decisions will last for decades. The resulting morphology of cities has lasting implications for a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-08-12 Rafael Prieto Curiel , Jorge E. Patino , Brilé Anderson