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Recent advancements in natural language generation has raised serious concerns. High-performance language models are widely used for language generation tasks because they are able to produce fluent and meaningful sentences. These models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Saurabh Gupta , Huy H. Nguyen , Junichi Yamagishi , Isao Echizen

The ability of language models in RAG systems to selectively refuse to answer based on flawed context is critical for safety, yet remains a significant failure point. Our large-scale study reveals that even frontier models struggle in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Aashiq Muhamed , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Markus Dreyer , Virginia Smith , Mona T. Diab

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes settings, the risk of generating harmful or toxic content remains a central challenge. Post-hoc alignment methods are brittle: once unsafe patterns are learned during…

Because state-of-the-art language models are expensive to train, most practitioners must make use of one of the few publicly available language models or language model APIs. This consolidation of trust increases the potency of backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nikhil Kandpal , Matthew Jagielski , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

Neural conversational models learn to generate responses by taking into account the dialog history. These models are typically optimized over the query-response pairs with a maximum likelihood estimation objective. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Shaoxiong Feng , Hongshen Chen , Kan Li , Dawei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where triggers embedded in poisoned samples can maliciously alter LLMs' behaviors. In this paper, we move beyond attacking LLMs and instead examine backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Huaizhi Ge , Yiming Li , Qifan Wang , Yongfeng Zhang , Ruixiang Tang

Retrieval augmented generation systems have become an integral part of everyday life. Whether in internet search engines, email systems, or service chatbots, these systems are based on context retrieval and answer generation with large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Patrick Levi

Recent advancements in open-domain dialogue systems have been propelled by the emergence of high-quality large language models (LLMs) and various effective training methodologies. Nevertheless, the presence of toxicity within these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 San Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Generative AI models perturb the foundations of effective human communication. They present new challenges to contextual confidence, disrupting participants' ability to identify the authentic context of communication and their ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Shrey Jain , Zoë Hitzig , Pamela Mishkin

AI-generated counterspeech offers a promising and scalable strategy to curb online toxicity through direct replies that promote civil discourse. However, current counterspeech is one-size-fits-all, lacking adaptation to the moderation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Lorenzo Cima , Alessio Miaschi , Amaury Trujillo , Marco Avvenuti , Felice Dell'Orletta , Stefano Cresci

Recently, utilizing deep neural networks to build the opendomain dialogue models has become a hot topic. However, the responses generated by these models suffer from many problems such as responses not being contextualized and tend to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Mengjuan Liu , Chenyang Liu , Yunfan Yang , Jiang Liu , Mohan Jing

We present a general approach towards controllable societal biases in natural language generation (NLG). Building upon the idea of adversarial triggers, we develop a method to induce societal biases in generated text when input prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Emily Sheng , Kai-Wei Chang , Premkumar Natarajan , Nanyun Peng

This work combines information about the dialogue history encoded by pre-trained model with a meaning representation of the current system utterance to realize contextual language generation in task-oriented dialogues. We utilize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Ye Liu , Wolfgang Maier , Wolfgang Minker , Stefan Ultes

Although deep learning models have brought tremendous advancements to the field of open-domain dialogue response generation, recent research results have revealed that the trained models have undesirable generation behaviors, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Tianxing He , James Glass

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the development of embodied intelligence. By providing a few contextual demonstrations, developers can utilize the extensive internal knowledge of LLMs to effortlessly translate complex tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Aishan Liu , Yuguang Zhou , Xianglong Liu , Tianyuan Zhang , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Yanjun Pu , Tianlin Li , Junqi Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Qing Guo , Dacheng Tao

Counter-speech generation is at the core of many expert activities, such as fact-checking and hate speech, to counter harmful content. Yet, existing work treats counter-speech generation as pure text generation task, mainly based on Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Greta Damo , Elena Cabrio , Serena Villata

Existing studies have investigated the tendency of autoregressive language models to generate contexts that exhibit undesired biases and toxicity. Various debiasing approaches have been proposed, which are primarily categorized into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yoon A Park , Frank Rudzicz

State-of-the-art conversational AI systems raise concerns due to their potential risks of generating unsafe, toxic, unethical, or dangerous content. Previous works have developed datasets to teach conversational agents the appropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Souvik Das , Rohini K. Srihari

Toxic language detection systems often falsely flag text that contains minority group mentions as toxic, as those groups are often the targets of online hate. Such over-reliance on spurious correlations also causes systems to struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel , Hamid Palangi , Maarten Sap , Dipankar Ray , Ece Kamar

Sequence generation models for dialogue are known to have several problems: they tend to produce short, generic sentences that are uninformative and unengaging. Retrieval models on the other hand can surface interesting responses, but are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Jason Weston , Emily Dinan , Alexander H. Miller