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Both the training and use of Large Language Models (LLMs) require large amounts of energy. Their increasing popularity, therefore, raises critical concerns regarding the energy efficiency and sustainability of data centers that host them.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Grant Wilkins , Srinivasan Keshav , Richard Mortier

In the field of algorithms and data structures analysis and design, most of the researchers focus only on the space/time trade-off, and little attention has been paid to energy consumption. Moreover, most of the efforts in the field of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-22 José Fuentes-Sepúlveda , Susana Ladra

AI data centers are increasingly becoming tightly coupled compute--energy systems, where workload placement, cooling demand, electricity procurement, storage operation, and carbon emissions interact over time. This paper studies…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Johnny R. Zhang , Gaoyuan Du , Qianyi Sun , Shiqi Wang , Jiaxuan Li , Xian Sun

In the last decade, extended efforts have been poured into energy efficiency. Several energy consumption datasets were henceforth published, with each dataset varying in properties, uses and limitations. For instance, building energy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Yassine Himeur , Abdullah Alsalemi , Faycal Bensaali , Abbes Amira

Heterogeneous architectures have emerged as a promising alternative for homogeneous architectures to improve the energy-efficiency of computer systems. Composite Cores Architecture (CCA), a class of dynamic heterogeneous architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Hossein Sayadi

Datacenter power demand has been continuously growing and is the key driver of its cost. An accurate mapping of compute resources (CPU, RAM, etc.) and hardware types (servers, accelerators, etc.) to power consumption has emerged as a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ana Radovanovic , Bokan Chen , Saurav Talukdar , Binz Roy , Alexandre Duarte , Mahya Shahbazi

Barroso's seminal contributions in energy-proportional warehouse-scale computing launched an era where modern datacenters have become more energy efficient and cost effective than ever before. At the same time, modern AI applications have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Carole-Jean Wu , Bilge Acun , Ramya Raghavendra , Kim Hazelwood

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Vivienne Sze , Yu-Hsin Chen , Tien-Ju Yang , Joel Emer

Energy efficiency of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has become an important area of research, with various strategies being developed to minimize the power consumption of these models. Previous efforts, including techniques like model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Michail Kinnas , John Violos , Ioannis Kompatsiaris , Symeon Papadopoulos

This study addresses the challenge of balancing energy efficiency with performance in AI/ML models, focusing on DeepRX, a deep learning receiver based on a fully convolutional ResNet architecture. We evaluate the energy consumption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Amine Lbath , Ibtissam Labriji

Recent years have seen a surge in the popularity of commercial AI products based on generative, multi-purpose AI systems promising a unified approach to building machine learning (ML) models into technology. However, this ambition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Yacine Jernite , Emma Strubell

The evolution of high-performance computing is associated with the growth of energy consumption. Performance of cluster computes (is increased via rising in performance and the number of used processors, GPUs, and coprocessors. An increment…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-23 E. A. Kiselev , P. N. Telegin , B. M. Shabanov

The increasing energy demands and carbon footprint of large-scale AI require intelligent workload management in globally distributed data centers. Yet progress is limited by the absence of benchmarks that realistically capture the interplay…

The computation demand for machine learning (ML) has grown rapidly recently, which comes with a number of costs. Estimating the energy cost helps measure its environmental impact and finding greener strategies, yet it is challenging without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 David Patterson , Joseph Gonzalez , Quoc Le , Chen Liang , Lluis-Miquel Munguia , Daniel Rothchild , David So , Maud Texier , Jeff Dean

Estimating power consumption in modern Cloud environments is essential for carbon quantification toward green computing. Specifically, it is important to properly account for the power consumed by each of the running applications, which are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Sunyanan Choochotkaew , Chen Wang , Huamin Chen , Tatsuhiro Chiba , Marcelo Amaral , Eun Kyung Lee , Tamar Eilam

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in bioimage image analysis nowadays, but the efficiency of AI models, like the energy consumption and latency is not ignorable due to the growing model size and complexity, as well as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yu Zhou , Justin Sonneck , Sweta Banerjee , Stefanie Dörr , Anika Grüneboom , Kristina Lorenz , Jianxu Chen

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has raised concerns regarding its global environmental impact that extends beyond greenhouse gas emissions to include consideration of hardware…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Clément Desroches , Martin Chauvin , Louis Ladan , Caroline Vateau , Simon Gosset , Philippe Cordier

Electricity load forecasting for buildings and campuses is becoming increasingly important as the penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) grows. Efficient operation and dispatch of DERs require reasonably accurate predictions of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-20 Sakshi Mishra , Stephen M. Frank , Anya Petersen , Robert Buechler , Michelle Slovensky

Large scale projects increasingly operate in complicated settings whilst drawing on an array of complex data-points, which require precise analysis for accurate control and interventions to mitigate possible project failure. Coupled with a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Nicholas Dacre , Fredrik Kockum , PK Senyo

Monitoring, understanding, and optimizing the energy consumption of Machine Learning (ML) are various reasons why it is necessary to evaluate the energy usage of ML. However, there exists no universal tool that can answer this question for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Charlotte Rodriguez , Laura Degioanni , Laetitia Kameni , Richard Vidal , Giovanni Neglia
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