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Deep learning has driven significant technological advancements, but its high energy consumption limits its use on battery-operated edge devices. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer promising reductions in inference-time energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhanglu Yan , Zhenyu Bai , Tulika Mitra , Weng-Fai Wong

In recent decades, neuromorphic computing aiming to imitate brains' behaviors has been developed in various fields of computer science. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an important concept in Artificial Intelligence (AI). It is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Jiulong Wang , Ruopu Wu , Guokai Chen , Xuhao Chen , Boran Liu , Jixiang Zong , Di Zhao

Neuromorphic computing seeks to replicate the spiking dynamics of biological neurons for brain-inspired computation. While electronic implementations of artificial spiking neurons have dominated to date, photonic approaches are attracting…

Neuromorphic computing leverages the sparsity of temporal data to reduce processing energy by activating a small subset of neurons and synapses at each time step. When deployed for split computing in edge-based systems, remote neuromorphic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Jiechen Chen , Sangwoo Park , Petar Popovski , H. Vincent Poor , Osvaldo Simeone

Temporal Neural Networks (TNNs) are spiking neural networks that exhibit brain-like sensory processing with high energy efficiency. This work presents the ongoing research towards developing a custom design framework for designing efficient…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Prabhu Vellaisamy , John Paul Shen

Machine learning has emerged as the dominant tool for implementing complex cognitive tasks that require supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. While the resulting machines have demonstrated in some cases even super-human…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Bipin Rajendran , Abu Sebastian , Michael Schmuker , Narayan Srinivasa , Evangelos Eleftheriou

Transformer neural networks are rapidly being integrated into state-of-the-art solutions for natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision. However, the complex structure of these models creates challenges for accelerating their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Salma Afifi , Febin Sunny , Mahdi Nikdast , Sudeep Pasricha

For reasons such as privacy, there are use cases for language models at the edge. This has given rise to small language models targeted for deployment in resource-constrained devices where energy efficiency is critical. Spiking neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Kaiwen Tang , Zhanglu Yan , Weng-Fai Wong

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer high energy efficiency and event-driven computation, ideal for low-power edge AI. Their hardware implementation on FPGAs, however, faces challenges due to heavy computation, large memory use, and limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Mohammad Javad Sekonji , Ali Mahani , Maryam Mirsadeghi , Mahdi Taheri

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a promising alternative to artificial neural networks (ANNs), offering improved energy efficiency by leveraging sparse and event-driven computation. However, existing hardware implementations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yuehai Chen , Farhad Merchant

This paper presents a novel approach to neuromorphic audio processing by integrating the strengths of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), Transformers, and high-performance computing (HPC) into the HPCNeuroNet architecture. Utilizing the Intel…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-22 Murat Isik , Hiruna Vishwamith , Kayode Inadagbo , I. Can Dikmen

Present day computers expend orders of magnitude more computational resources to perform various cognitive and perception related tasks that humans routinely perform everyday. This has recently resulted in a seismic shift in the field of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Abhronil Sengupta , Kaushik Roy

Neural networks have proven effective for solving many difficult computational problems. Implementing complex neural networks in software is very computationally expensive. To explore the limits of information processing, it will be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Jeffrey M. Shainline , Sonia M. Buckley , Richard P. Mirin , Sae Woo Nam

The rapid growth of brain-inspired computing coupled with the inefficiencies in the CMOS implementations of neuromrphic systems has led to intense exploration of efficient hardware implementations of the functional units of the brain,…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Indranil Chakraborty , Gobinda Saha , Abhronil Sengupta , Kaushik Roy

In this paper, the foundations of neuromorphic computing, spiking neural networks (SNNs) and memristors, are analyzed and discussed. Neuromorphic computing is then applied to FPGA design for digital signal processing (DSP). Finite impulse…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Justin London

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired alternative to conventional artificial neural networks, with potential advantages in power efficiency due to their event-driven computation. Despite their promise, SNNs have yet…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Wangdan Liao , Weidong Wang

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in the field of brain-inspired computing based on neural-network architectures. In order to translate the related algorithmic models into powerful, yet energy-efficient cognitive-computing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-06-17 Mrigank Sharad , D. Fan , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are a promising paradigm for energy-efficient event-driven computation, but large-scale SNN execution remains challenging because sparse spike communication and synchronization can dominate runtime. Existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Muhammad Ihsan Al Hafiz , Artur Podobas

Neuromorphic computing is a non-von Neumann computing paradigm that performs computation by emulating the human brain. Neuromorphic systems are extremely energy-efficient and known to consume thousands of times less power than CPUs and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Prasanna Date , Catherine Schuman , Bill Kay , Thomas Potok

The human brain comprises about a hundred billion neurons connected through quadrillion synapses. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) take inspiration from the brain to model complex cognitive and learning tasks. Neuromorphic engineering…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Tanmay Chavan , Sangya Dutta , Nihar R. Mohapatra , Udayan Ganguly