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Effectively processing long contexts is a critical challenge for language models. While standard Transformers are limited by quadratic complexity and poor length extrapolation, alternative architectures like sliding window attention and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jiaqi Leng , Xiang Hu , Junxiong Wang , Jianguo Li , Wei Wu , Yucheng Lu

Vision-Language-Action~(VLA) models have shown strong potential for general-purpose robotic manipulation, yet they still struggle to generalize to unseen tasks that necessitate transferring relevant experience across objects, scenes, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shengyu Si , Yuanzhuo Lu , Ruimeng Yang , Ziyi Ye , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Transformer-based large language models (e.g., BERT and GPT) achieve great success, and fine-tuning, which tunes a pre-trained model on a task-specific dataset, is the standard practice to utilize these models for downstream tasks. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuntao Gui , Xiao Yan , Peiqi Yin , Han Yang , James Cheng

We study class-incremental learning, a training setup in which new classes of data are observed over time for the model to learn from. Despite the straightforward problem formulation, the naive application of classification models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Ahmet Iscen , Thomas Bird , Mathilde Caron , Alireza Fathi , Cordelia Schmid

In recent years, the use of large language models (LLMs) has significantly increased, and these models have demonstrated remarkable performance in a variety of general language tasks. However, the evaluation of their performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Iman Barati , Arash Ghafouri , Behrouz Minaei-Bidgoli

Memory Mosaics [Zhang et al., 2025], networks of associative memories, have demonstrated appealing compositional and in-context learning capabilities on medium-scale networks (GPT-2 scale) and synthetic small datasets. This work shows that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jianyu Zhang , Léon Bottou

Transformers are widely used in NLP tasks. However, current approaches to leveraging transformers to understand language expose one weak spot: Number understanding. In some scenarios, numbers frequently occur, especially in semi-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Hongwei Han , Jialiang Xu , Mengyu Zhou , Yijia Shao , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

In-context learning enables transformer models to generalize to new tasks based solely on input prompts, without any need for weight updates. However, existing training paradigms typically rely on large, unstructured datasets that are…

The transformer architecture has catalyzed revolutionary advances in language modeling. However, recent architectural recipes, such as state-space models, have bridged the performance gap. Motivated by this, we examine the benefits of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Mingchen Li , Xuechen Zhang , Yixiao Huang , Samet Oymak

Length generalization refers to the ability to extrapolate from short training sequences to long test sequences and is a challenge for current large language models. While prior work has proposed some architecture or data format changes to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Kaiying Hou , David Brandfonbrener , Sham Kakade , Samy Jelassi , Eran Malach

In this paper, we introduce a new task for code completion that focuses on handling long code input and propose a sparse Transformer model, called LongCoder, to address this task. LongCoder employs a sliding window mechanism for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Daya Guo , Canwen Xu , Nan Duan , Jian Yin , Julian McAuley

Transformer attention scales quadratically with sequence length O(n^2), limiting long-context use. We propose Adaptive Retention, a probabilistic, layer-wise token selection mechanism that learns which representations to keep under a strict…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 S M Rafiuddin , Muntaha Nujat Khan

Many models used in artificial intelligence and cognitive science rely on multi-element patterns stored in "slots" - dedicated storage locations - in a digital computer. As biological brains likely lack slots, we consider how they might…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shaunak Bhandarkar , James L. McClelland

Existing large language models (LLMs) can only afford fix-sized inputs due to the input length limit, preventing them from utilizing rich long-context information from past inputs. To address this, we propose a framework, Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

In recent years, large pre-trained Transformer-based language models have led to dramatic improvements in many natural language understanding tasks. To train these models with increasing sizes, many neural network practitioners attempt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Minjia Zhang , Niranjan Uma Naresh , Yuxiong He

Multilayer transformer networks consist of interleaved self-attention and feedforward sublayers. Could ordering the sublayers in a different pattern lead to better performance? We generate randomly ordered transformers and train them with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Ofir Press , Noah A. Smith , Omer Levy

The usefulness of Large Language Models (LLM) is being continuously tested in various fields. However, their intrinsic linguistic characteristic is still one of the limiting factors when applying these models to exact sciences. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jonathan Paul Driemeyer Brown , Tiago Oliveira Weber

Deep learning (DL) techniques are gaining more and more attention in the software engineering community. They have been used to support several code-related tasks, such as automatic bug fixing and code comments generation. Recent studies in…

Continual incorporation of new knowledge is essential for the long-term evolution of large language models (LLMs). Existing approaches typically rely on parameter-update algorithms to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, yet they suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Kaustubh Pethkar , Ziyang Xiong , Zuofeng Shang , Yingcong Li

Using translation memories (TMs) as prompts is a promising approach to in-context learning of machine translation models. In this work, we take a step towards prompting large language models (LLMs) with TMs and making them better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yongyu Mu , Abudurexiti Reheman , Zhiquan Cao , Yuchun Fan , Bei Li , Yinqiao Li , Tong Xiao , Chunliang Zhang , Jingbo Zhu
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