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Real-world data often follows a long-tailed distribution, which makes the performance of existing classification algorithms degrade heavily. A key issue is that samples in tail categories fail to depict their intra-class diversity. Humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Xiaohua Chen , Yucan Zhou , Dayan Wu , Wanqian Zhang , Yu Zhou , Bo Li , Weiping Wang

To address the challenges of long-tailed classification, researchers have proposed several approaches to reduce model bias, most of which assume that classes with few samples are weak classes. However, recent studies have shown that tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Maoji Wen , Lingling Li , Wenping Ma , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu , Puhua Chen

Real-world data is often unbalanced and long-tailed, but deep models struggle to recognize rare classes in the presence of frequent classes. To address unbalanced data, most studies try balancing the data, the loss, or the classifier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Dvir Samuel , Gal Chechik

Object frequency in the real world often follows a power law, leading to a mismatch between datasets with long-tailed class distributions seen by a machine learning model and our expectation of the model to perform well on all classes. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Muhammad Abdullah Jamal , Matthew Brown , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Liqiang Wang , Boqing Gong

Methods in long-tail learning focus on improving performance for data-poor (rare) classes; however, performance for such classes remains much lower than performance for more data-rich (frequent) classes. Analyzing the predictions of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Nadine Chang , Jayanth Koushik , Aarti Singh , Martial Hebert , Yu-Xiong Wang , Michael J. Tarr

Deep learning enables impressive performance in image recognition using large-scale artificially-balanced datasets. However, real-world datasets exhibit highly class-imbalanced distributions, yielding two main challenges: relative imbalance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Saurabh Sharma , Ning Yu , Mario Fritz , Bernt Schiele

Long-tailed learning has garnered increasing attention due to its practical significance. Among the various approaches, the fine-tuning paradigm has gained considerable interest with the advent of foundation models. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jiahao Chen , Bin Qin , Jiangmeng Li , Hao Chen , Bing Su

Long-tailed data is a special type of multi-class imbalanced data with a very large amount of minority/tail classes that have a very significant combined influence. Long-tailed learning aims to build high-performance models on datasets with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Chongsheng Zhang , George Almpanidis , Gaojuan Fan , Binquan Deng , Yanbo Zhang , Ji Liu , Aouaidjia Kamel , Paolo Soda , João Gama

Recent studies on Neural Collapse (NC) reveal that, under class-balanced conditions, the class feature means and classifier weights spontaneously align into a simplex equiangular tight frame (ETF). In long-tailed regimes, however, severe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jinping Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhiwu Xie

In the long-tailed recognition field, the Decoupled Training paradigm has demonstrated remarkable capabilities among various methods. This paradigm decouples the training process into separate representation learning and classifier…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Han Lu , Siyu Sun , Yichen Xie , Liqing Zhang , Xiaokang Yang , Junchi Yan

Real-world data often follow a long-tailed distribution as the frequency of each class is typically different. For example, a dataset can have a large number of under-represented classes and a few classes with more than sufficient data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Peng Chu , Xiao Bian , Shaopeng Liu , Haibin Ling

This paper considers learning deep features from long-tailed data. We observe that in the deep feature space, the head classes and the tail classes present different distribution patterns. The head classes have a relatively large spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Jialun Liu , Yifan Sun , Chuchu Han , Zhaopeng Dou , Wenhui Li

Classification on long-tailed distributed data is a challenging problem, which suffers from serious class-imbalance and hence poor performance on tail classes with only a few samples. Owing to this paucity of samples, learning on the tail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Taha ValizadehAslani , Yiwen Shi , Jing Wang , Ping Ren , Yi Zhang , Meng Hu , Liang Zhao , Hualou Liang

Real-world datasets often exhibit long-tailed distributions, where a few dominant "Head" classes have abundant samples while most "Tail" classes are severely underrepresented, leading to biased learning and poor generalization for the Tail.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mahdiyar Molahasani , Michael Greenspan , Ali Etemad

Imbalanced classification datasets pose significant challenges in machine learning, often leading to biased models that perform poorly on underrepresented classes. With the rise of foundation models, recent research has focused on the full,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Nakul Sharma

Deep long-tailed learning, one of the most challenging problems in visual recognition, aims to train well-performing deep models from a large number of images that follow a long-tailed class distribution. In the last decade, deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yifan Zhang , Bingyi Kang , Bryan Hooi , Shuicheng Yan , Jiashi Feng

Real-world data are long-tailed, the lack of tail samples leads to a significant limitation in the generalization ability of the model. Although numerous approaches of class re-balancing perform well for moderate class imbalance problems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu , Puhua Chen

The real-world data distribution is essentially long-tailed, which poses great challenge to the deep model. In this work, we propose a new method, Gradual Balanced Loss and Adaptive Feature Generator (GLAG) to alleviate imbalance. GLAG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Zihan Zhang , Xiang Xiang

In real-world scenarios, where knowledge distributions exhibit long-tail. Humans manage to master knowledge uniformly across imbalanced distributions, a feat attributed to their diligent practices of reviewing, summarizing, and correcting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Qihao Zhao , Yalun Dai , Shen Lin , Wei Hu , Fan Zhang , Jun Liu

Semantic segmentation usually suffers from a long-tail data distribution. Due to the imbalanced number of samples across categories, the features of those tail classes may get squeezed into a narrow area in the feature space. Towards a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yuchao Wang , Jingjing Fei , Haochen Wang , Wei Li , Tianpeng Bao , Liwei Wu , Rui Zhao , Yujun Shen