Related papers: Methods of density estimation for pedestrians movi…
For pedestrians moving without spatial constraints, extensive research has been devoted to develop methods of density estimation. In this paper we present a new approach based on Voronoi cells, offering a means to estimate density for…
Standard definitions of the density exhibit large fluctuations when the size of the measurement area is comparable with the size of a pedestrian. An alternative measurement method exists where a personal space, calculated through the…
The progress of image processing during recent years allows the measurement of pedestrian characteristics on a "microscopic" scale with low costs. However, density and flow are concepts of fluid mechanics defined for the limit of infinitely…
Given two sets of training samples, general method is to estimate the density function and classify the test sample according to higher values of estimated densities. Natural way to estimate the density should be histogram tending to…
Since the beginning of the century, capturing trajectories of pedestrian streams precisely from video recordings has been possible. To enable measurements at high density, the heads of the pedestrians are marked and tracked, thus providing…
In this article the dynamics of pedestrian streams in four different scenarios are compared empirically to investigate the influence of boundary conditions on it. The Voronoi method, which allows high resolution and small fluctuations of…
The motion of pedestrians is subject to a wide range of influences and exhibits a rich phenomenology. To enable precise measurement of the density and velocity we use an alternative definition using Voronoi diagrams which exhibits smaller…
Experiments under laboratory conditions were carried out to study the ordering in bidirectional pedestrian streams and its influence on the fundamental diagram (density-speed-flow relation). The Voronoi method is used to resolve the fine…
The standard definition of pedestrian density produces scattered values, hence, many approaches have been developed to improve the features of the estimated density. This paper provides a review of generally applied methods and presents a…
Intersections of pedestrian flows feature multiple types, varying in the numbers of flow directions as well as intersecting angles. In this article results from diverse bidirectional flow experiments with different intersecting angles are…
An understanding of pedestrian dynamics is indispensable for numerous urban applications including the design of transportation networks and planing for business development. Pedestrian counting often requires utilizing manual or technical…
In this study, series of experiments under laboratory conditions were carried out to investigate pedestrian flow through a T-junction, i.e., two branches merging into the main stream. The whole duration of the experiments was recorded by…
Reliable empirical data and proper understanding of pedestrian dynamics are necessary for fire safety design. However, specifications and data in different handbooks as well as experimental studies differ considerably. In this study, series…
The empirical relation between density and velocity of pedestrian movement is not completely analyzed, particularly with regard to the `microscopic' causes which determine the relation at medium and high densities. The simplest system for…
In this paper we develop a framework for parameter estimation in macroscopic pedestrian models using individual trajectories -- microscopic data. We consider a unidirectional flow of pedestrians in a corridor and assume that the velocity…
In a crowd, individuals make different motion choices such as "moving to destination", "following another pedestrian", and "making a detour". For the sake of convenience, the three direction choices are respectively called destination…
Voronoi intensity estimators, which are non-parametric estimators for intensity functions of point processes, are both parameter-free and adaptive; the intensity estimate at a given location is given by the reciprocal size of the…
We present a local density estimator based on first order statistics. To estimate the density at a point, $x$, the original sample is divided into subsets and the average minimum sample distance to $x$ over all such subsets is used to…
Agent-based models are becoming indispensable tools in building design, safety assessments as well as management of emergency egress. However, reliable calibrations of these models should be mandatory before they are used in practice. To…
We consider the Voronoi diagram generated by $n$ i.i.d. $\mathbb{R}^{d}$-valued random variables with an arbitrary underlying probability density function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$, and analyse the asymptotic behaviours of certain geometric…