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The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) of a string is an invertible permutation of the string, which can be used for data compression and compact indexes for string pattern matching. Ganguly et al. [SODA, 2017] introduced the parameterized BWT…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Shogen Kawanami , Kento Iseri , Tomohiro I

Mantaci et al. [TCS 2007] defined the eBWT to extend the definition of the BWT to a collection of strings, however, since this introduction, it has been used more generally to describe any BWT of a collection of strings and the fundamental…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Christina Boucher , Davide Cenzato , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Massimiliano Rossi , Marinella Sciortino

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is a reversible transform that converts a string $w$ into another string $\mathsf{BWT}(w)$. The size of the run-length encoded BWT (RLBWT) can be interpreted as a measure of repetitiveness in the class of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Hideo Bannai , Tomohiro I , Yuto Nakashima

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is a fundamental component in many data structures for text indexing and compression, widely used in areas such as bioinformatics and information retrieval. The extended BWT (eBWT) generalizes the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Florian Ingels , Anaïs Denis , Bastien Cazaux

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is a permutation whose applications are prevalent in data compression and text indexing. The bijective BWT (BBWT) is a bijective variant of it. Although it is known that the BWT can be constructed in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Hideo Bannai , Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Köppl , Marcin Picatkowski

The Burrows-Wheeler-Transform (BWT) is a reversible string transformation which plays a central role in text compression and is fundamental in many modern bioinformatics applications. The BWT is a permutation of the characters, which is in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Sara Giuliani , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Francesco Masillo , Romeo Rizzi

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is often taught in undergraduate courses on algorithmic bioinformatics, because it underlies the FM-index and thus important tools such as Bowtie and BWA. Its admirers consider the BWT a thing of beauty…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Travis Gagie , Giovanni Manzini , Marinella Sciortino

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is a string transformation that enhances string indexing and compressibility. Cotumaccio and Prezza [SODA '21] extended this transformation to nondeterministic finite automata (NFAs) through…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ruben Becker , Nicola Cotumaccio , Sung-Hwan Kim , Nicola Prezza , Carlo Tosoni

The Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) serves as the basis for many important sequence indexes. On very large datasets (e.g. genomic databases), classical BWT construction algorithms are often infeasible because they usually need to have the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jannik Olbrich

We investigate properties of the bijective Burrows-Wheeler transform (BBWT). We show that for any string $w$, a bidirectional macro scheme of size $O(r_B)$ can be induced from the BBWT of $w$, where $r_B$ is the number of maximal character…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Golnaz Badkobeh , Hideo Bannai , Dominik Köppl

We propose algorithms that, given the input string of length $n$ over integer alphabet of size $\sigma$, construct the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), the permuted longest-common-prefix (PLCP) array, and the LZ77 parsing in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Dominik Kempa

In order to avoid the reference bias introduced by mapping reads to a reference genome, bioinformaticians are investigating reference-free methods for analyzing sequenced genomes. With large projects sequencing thousands of individuals,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-15 Jouni Sirén

The Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) is integral to the FM-index, which is used extensively in text compression, indexing, pattern search, and bioinformatic problems as de novo assembly and read alignment. Thus, efficient construction of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel , Cederic Alexander Steininger

Constructing the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) for long strings poses significant challenges regarding construction time and memory usage. We use a prefix of the suffix array to partition a long string into shorter substrings, thereby…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Enno Adler , Stefan Böttcher , Rita Hartel

Parameterized strings are a generalization of strings in that their characters are drawn from two different alphabets, where one is considered to be the alphabet of static characters and the other to be the alphabet of parameter characters.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

Indexing of very large collections of strings such as those produced by the widespread sequencing technologies, heavily relies on multi-string generalizations of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT), and for this problem various in-memory…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-07-29 Paola Bonizzoni , Gianluca Della Vedova , Serena Nicosia , Marco Previtali , Raffaella Rizzi

In 1994, Burrows and Wheeler developed a data compression algorithm which performs significantly better than Lempel-Ziv based algorithms. Since then, a lot of work has been done in order to improve their algorithm, which is based on a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Dragos Trinca

Enumerating characteristic substrings (e.g., maximal repeats, minimal unique substrings, and minimal absent words) in a given string has been an important research topic because there are a wide variety of applications in various areas such…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Takaaki Nishimoto , Yasuo Tabei

One of the most well-known variants of the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) [Burrows and Wheeler, 1994] is the bijective BWT (BBWT) [Gil and Scott, arXiv 2012], which applies the extended BWT (EBWT) [Mantaci et al., TCS 2007] to the multiset…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Dominik Köppl , Daiki Hashimoto , Diptarama Hendrian , Ayumi Shinohara

The boom of genomic sequencing makes compression of set of sequences inescapable. This underlies the need for multi-string indexing data structures that helps compressing the data. The most prominent example of such data structures is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Bastien Cazaux , Eric Rivals