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Related papers: Transformer-Based Learned Optimization

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Mappings to structured output spaces (strings, trees, partitions, etc.) are typically learned using extensions of classification algorithms to simple graphical structures (eg., linear chains) in which search and parameter estimation can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-07-07 Hal Daumé , Daniel Marcu

Deep neural networks are traditionally trained using human-designed stochastic optimization algorithms, such as SGD and Adam. Recently, the approach of learning to optimize network parameters has emerged as a promising research topic.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Shipeng Wang , Jian Sun , Zongben Xu

We consider distributed optimization under communication constraints for training deep learning models. We propose a new algorithm, whose parameter updates rely on two forces: a regular gradient step, and a corrective direction dictated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Yunfei Teng , Wenbo Gao , Francois Chalus , Anna Choromanska , Donald Goldfarb , Adrian Weller

We present a class of novel optimisers for training neural networks that makes use of the Riemannian metric naturally induced when the loss landscape is embedded in higher-dimensional space. This is the same metric that underlies common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Thomas R. Harvey

Attention-based Transformers have demonstrated strong adaptability across a wide range of tasks and have become the backbone of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their underlying mechanisms remain open for further exploration.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ruifeng Ren , Sheng Ouyang , Huayi Tang , Yong Liu

We analyze the type of learned optimization that occurs when a learned model (such as a neural network) is itself an optimizer - a situation we refer to as mesa-optimization, a neologism we introduce in this paper. We believe that the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Evan Hubinger , Chris van Merwijk , Vladimir Mikulik , Joar Skalse , Scott Garrabrant

Scaling transformers has led to significant breakthroughs in many domains, leading to a paradigm in which larger versions of existing models are trained and released on a periodic basis. New instances of such models are typically trained…

Learned optimizers are a crucial component of meta-learning. Recent advancements in scalable learned optimizers have demonstrated their superior performance over hand-designed optimizers in various tasks. However, certain characteristics of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Gaole Dai , Wei Wu , Ziyu Wang , Jie Fu , Shanghang Zhang , Tiejun Huang

Transformer-based models have demonstrated remarkable in-context learning capabilities, prompting extensive research into its underlying mechanisms. Recent studies have suggested that Transformers can implement first-order optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Angeliki Giannou , Liu Yang , Tianhao Wang , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Jason D. Lee

Recently, significant progress has been made regarding the statistical understanding of artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs are motivated by the functioning of the brain, but differ in several crucial aspects. In particular, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Johannes Schmidt-Hieber

Conventional optimization methods in machine learning and controls rely heavily on first-order update rules. Selecting the right method and hyperparameters for a particular task often involves trial-and-error or practitioner intuition,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Tanmay Gautam , Samuel Pfrommer , Somayeh Sojoudi

In this paper, we consider the supervised pre-trained transformer for a class of sequential decision-making problems. The class of considered problems is a subset of the general formulation of reinforcement learning in that there is no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hanzhao Wang , Yu Pan , Fupeng Sun , Shang Liu , Kalyan Talluri , Guanting Chen , Xiaocheng Li

Constructing first-principles models is usually a challenging and time-consuming task due to the complexity of the real-life processes. On the other hand, data-driven modeling, and in particular neural network models often suffer from…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-03 Ece S. Koksal , Erdal Aydin

We study Transformers through the perspective of optimal control theory, using tools from continuous-time formulations to derive actionable insights into training and architecture design. This framework improves the performance of existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kelvin Kan , Xingjian Li , Benjamin J. Zhang , Tuhin Sahai , Stanley Osher , Markos A. Katsoulakis

Learning-to-optimize is an emerging framework that seeks to speed up the solution of certain optimization problems by leveraging training data. Learned optimization solvers have been shown to outperform classical optimization algorithms in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-27 Hong Ye Tan , Subhadip Mukherjee , Junqi Tang , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Topology optimization enables the design of highly efficient and complex structures, but conventional iterative methods, such as SIMP-based approaches, often suffer from high computational costs and sensitivity to initial conditions.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Aaron Lutheran , Srijan Das , Alireza Tabarraei

Recent work in deep learning has opened new possibilities for solving classical algorithmic tasks using end-to-end learned models. In this work, we investigate the fundamental task of solving linear systems, particularly those that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Pietro Sittoni , Francesco Tudisco

We investigate the role of the optimizer in determining the quality of the model fit for neural networks with a small to medium number of parameters. We study the performance of Adam, an algorithm for first-order gradient-based optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 John Taylor , Wenyi Wang , Biswajit Bala , Tomasz Bednarz

The traffic assignment problem is essential for traffic flow analysis, traditionally solved using mathematical programs under the Equilibrium principle. These methods become computationally prohibitive for large-scale networks due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Mostafa Ameli , Sulthana Shams , Van Anh Le , Alexander Skabardonis

Machine learning frameworks adopt iterative optimizers to train neural networks. Conventional eager execution separates the updating of trainable parameters from forward and backward computations. However, this approach introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Zixuan Jiang , Jiaqi Gu , Mingjie Liu , Keren Zhu , David Z. Pan