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The Z_2 topological order in Z_2 spin liquid and in exactly soluble Kitaev toric code model is the simplest topological order for 2+1D bosonic systems. More general 2+1D bosonic topologically ordered states can be constructed via exact…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-08-28 Zheng-Cheng Gu , Zhenghan Wang , Xiao-Gang Wen

Toric codes are obtained by evaluating rational functions of a nonsingular toric variety at the algebraic torus. One can extend toric codes to the so called generalized toric codes. This extension consists on evaluating elements of an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-02-25 Diego Ruano

Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories are of central importance in many areas of physics. In condensed matter physics, Abelian U(1) lattice gauge theories arise in the description of certain quantum spin liquids. In quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 U. -J. Wiese

We consider various aspects of Kitaev's toric code model on a plane in the C^*-algebraic approach to quantum spin systems on a lattice. In particular, we show that elementary excitations of the ground state can be described by localized…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-06-03 Pieter Naaijkens

We study the stability of anyonic models on lattices to perturbations. We establish a cluster expansion for the energy of the perturbed models and use it to study the stability of the models to local perturbations. We show that the spectral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-07 Israel Klich

Topological subsystem codes in three spatial dimensions allow for quantum error correction with no time overhead, even in the presence of measurement noise. The physical origins of this single-shot property remain elusive, in part due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Jacob C. Bridgeman , Aleksander Kubica , Michael Vasmer

A decade ago Kitaev's toric code model established the new paradigm of topological quantum computation. Due to remarkable theoretical and experimental progress, the quantum simulation of such complex many-body systems is now within the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-03 Nicolai Lang , Hans Peter Büchler

We introduce a family of 2D topological subsystem quantum error-correcting codes. The gauge group is generated by 2-local Pauli operators, so that 2-local measurements are enough to recover the error syndrome. We study the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-04 H. Bombin

We investigate Gauss maps of (not necessarily normal) projective toric varieties over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. The main results are as follows: (1) The structure of the Gauss map of a toric variety is…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-03-05 Katsuhisa Furukawa , Atsushi Ito

In this thesis we study toric degenerations of projective varieties. We compare different constructions to understand how and why they are related as s first step towards developing a global framework. In focus are toric degenerations…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2018-06-07 Lara Bossinger

Motivated by the recent introduction of a $U(1)$-symmetric toric code model, we investigate symmetry-based deformations of topological order by systematically deconstructing the Gauss-law-enforcing star terms of the toric code (TC)…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-01 Jiaxin Qiao , Yoshito Watanabe , Simon Trebst

We introduce the XY checkerboard toric code. It represents a generalization of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ toric code with two types of star operators with $x$ and $y$ flavor and two anisotropic star sublattices forming a checkerboard lattice. The…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-12-02 M. Vieweg , K. P. Schmidt

We study a 3D generalization of the toric code model introduced recently by Chamon. This is an exactly solvable spin model with six-qubit nearest neighbor interactions on an FCC lattice whose ground space exhibits topological quantum order.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Sergey Bravyi , Bernhard Leemhuis , Barbara M. Terhal

We consider an exactly solvable model for topological phases in (3+1)d whose input data is a strict 2-group. This model, which has a higher gauge theory interpretation, provides a lattice Hamiltonian realisation of the Yetter homotopy…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-02-19 Alex Bullivant , Clement Delcamp

Duadic group algebra codes are a generalization of quadratic residue codes. This paper settles an open problem raised by Zhu concerning the existence of duadic group algebra codes. These codes can be used to construct degenerate quantum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Salah A. Aly , Andreas Klappenecker , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

We consider Abelian topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) in 3d and show that gaugings of invertible global symmetries naturally give rise to additive codes. These codes emerge as nonanomalous subgroups of the 1-form symmetry group,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-23 Ahmed Barbar , Anatoly Dymarsky , Alfred D. Shapere

The color code model is a crucial instance of a Calderbank--Shor--Steane (CSS)-type topological quantum error-correcting code, which notably supports transversal implementation of the full Clifford group. Its robustness against local noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Shiyu Cao , Zhian Jia , Sheng Tan

A number of exactly solvable spin models, including the Kitaev toric code in two and three dimensions and the X-cube model in three dimensions, can be related to their respective parent lattice gauge theories (LGT) through the mathematical…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-11-07 Jintae Kim , Yun-Tak Oh , Jung Hoon Han

We address the problem of studying the toric ideals of phylogenetic invariants for a general group-based model on an arbitrary claw tree. We focus on the group $\mathbb Z_2$ and choose a natural recursive approach that extends to other…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2016-08-14 Julia Chifman , Sonja Petrović

We propose an exactly solvable lattice Hamiltonian model of topological phases in $3+1$ dimensions, based on a generic finite group $G$ and a $4$-cocycle $\omega$ over $G$. We show that our model has topologically protected degenerate…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-07-02 Yidun Wan , Juven Wang , Huan He