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Related papers: Quantum Circuit Cutting for Classical Shadows

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The classical shadows protocol, recently introduced by Huang, Kueng, and Preskill [Nat. Phys. 16, 1050 (2020)], is a quantum-classical protocol to estimate properties of an unknown quantum state. Unlike full quantum state tomography, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Dax Enshan Koh , Sabee Grewal

Classical shadow tomography has emerged as a powerful framework for predicting properties of quantum many-body systems with favorable sample complexity. Standard theoretical guarantees, however, rely on the assumption that experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Leonardo Zambrano

Advances in quantum technology require scalable techniques to efficiently extract information from a quantum system, such as expectation values of observables or its entropy. Traditional tomography is limited to a handful of qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-29 H. Chau Nguyen , Jan Lennart Bönsel , Jonathan Steinberg , Otfried Gühne

Learning quantum state properties is both a fundamental and practical problem in quantum information theory. Classical shadows have emerged as an efficient method for estimating properties of unknown quantum states, with rigorous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Hugo Thomas , Ulysse Chabaud , Pierre-Emmanuel Emeriau

Classical shadow estimation (CSE) is a powerful tool for learning the properties of quantum states and quantum processes. Here we consider the CSE task for quantum unitary channels. By querying an unknown unitary channel $\mathcal{U}$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Zihao Li , Changhao Yi , You Zhou , Huangjun Zhu

We develop a classical shadow tomography protocol utilizing the randomized measurement scheme based on hybrid quantum circuits, which consist of layers of two-qubit random unitary gates mixed with single-qubit random projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Ahmed A. Akhtar , Hong-Ye Hu , Yi-Zhuang You

Classical shadow tomography serves as a potent tool for extracting numerous properties from quantum many-body systems with minimal measurements. Nevertheless, prevailing methods yielding optimal performance for few-body operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Tian-Gang Zhou , Pengfei Zhang

Enormous activity in the Quantum Computing area has resulted in considering them to solve different difficult problems, including those of applied nature, together with classical computers. An attempt is made in this work to nail down a…

Shadow estimation is a recent protocol that allows estimating exponentially many expectation values of a quantum state from ``classical shadows'', obtained by applying random quantum circuits and computational basis measurements. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Jonas Helsen , Michael Walter

Quantum computing (QC) offers a new computing paradigm that has the potential to provide significant speedups over classical computing. Each additional qubit doubles the size of the computational state space available to a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 Wei Tang , Margaret Martonosi

Extracting classical information from quantum systems is of fundamental importance, and classical shadows allow us to extract a large amount of information using relatively few measurements. Conventional shadow estimators are unbiased and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Zhenyu Cai , Adrian Chapman , Hamza Jnane , Bálint Koczor

Circuit cutting allows quantum circuits larger than the available hardware to be executed. Cutting techniques split circuits into smaller subcircuits, run them on the hardware, and recombine results through classical post-processing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Songqinghao Yang , Prakash Murali

Circuit knitting is the process of partitioning large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits such that the result of the original circuits can be deduced by only running the subcircuits. Such techniques will be crucial for near-term and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Lukas Brenner , Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter

Near-term hardware is constrained by high error rates, small qubit counts, and relatively low output fidelity, making the execution of large, high performance quantum circuits difficult. Circuit partitioning (or circuit cutting) has emerged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Connor Howe , Cristina Radian , Justin Woodring , Vardaan Sahgal , Brian J. McDermott

We generalize the classical shadow tomography scheme to a broad class of finite-depth or finite-time local unitary ensembles, known as locally scrambled quantum dynamics, where the unitary ensemble is invariant under local basis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-27 Hong-Ye Hu , Soonwon Choi , Yi-Zhuang You

A crucial subroutine for various quantum computing and communication algorithms is to efficiently extract different classical properties of quantum states. In a notable recent theoretical work by Huang, Kueng, and Preskill [Nat. Phys. 16,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 Ting Zhang , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao-Xu Fang , Xiao-Ming Zhang , Xiao Yuan , He Lu

Significant efforts are being spent on building a quantum computer. At the same time, developments in quantum software are rapidly progressing. Insufficient quantum resources often are the problem when running quantum algorithms. New…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Niels M. P. Neumann , Carlos M. R. Rocha , Jasper Verbree , Marc van Vliet

Classical shadows (CS) has recently emerged as an important framework to efficiently predict properties of an unknown quantum state. A common strategy in CS protocols is to parametrize the basis in which one measures the state by a random…

We propose a new method for identifying cutting locations for quantum circuit cutting, with a primary focus on partitioning circuits into three or more parts. Under the assumption that the classical postprocessing function is decomposable,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Junya Nakamura , Takahiko Satoh , Shinichiro Sanji

In quantum information theory, the accurate estimation of observables is pivotal for quantum information processing, playing a crucial role in compute and communication protocols. This work introduces a novel technique for estimating such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-17 Andrea Caprotti , Joshua Morris , Borivoje Dakić