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Today's Internet is awash in memes as they are humorous, satirical, or ironic which make people laugh. According to a survey, 33% of social media users in age bracket [13-35] send memes every day, whereas more than 50% send every week. Some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Shraman Pramanick , Md Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Memes are the new-age conveyance mechanism for humor on social media sites. Memes often include an image and some text. Memes can be used to promote disinformation or hatred, thus it is crucial to investigate in details. We introduce…

Among the various modes of communication in social media, the use of Internet memes has emerged as a powerful means to convey political, psychological, and socio-cultural opinions. Although memes are typically humorous in nature, recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Shraman Pramanick , Dimitar Dimitrov , Rituparna Mukherjee , Shivam Sharma , Md. Shad Akhtar , Preslav Nakov , Tanmoy Chakraborty

This work addresses the challenge of hate speech detection in Internet memes, and attempts using visual information to automatically detect hate speech, unlike any previous work of our knowledge. Memes are pixel-based multimedia documents…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Benet Oriol Sabat , Cristian Canton Ferrer , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

Large Language Models (LLMs), representing a significant achievement in artificial intelligence (AI) research, have demonstrated their ability in a multitude of tasks. This project aims to explore the capabilities of GPT-3.5, a leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Jingjing Wang , Joshua Luo , Grace Yang , Allen Hong , Feng Luo

Users from the online environment can create different ways of expressing their thoughts, opinions, or conception of amusement. Internet memes were created specifically for these situations. Their main purpose is to transmit ideas by using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 George-Alexandru Vlad , George-Eduard Zaharia , Dumitru-Clementin Cercel , Costin-Gabriel Chiru , Stefan Trausan-Matu

Multimodal emotion recognition is an important research topic in artificial intelligence, whose main goal is to integrate multimodal clues to identify human emotional states. Current works generally assume accurate labels for benchmark…

In this paper, we present a comprehensive and systematic analysis of vision-language models (VLMs) for disparate meme classification tasks. We introduced a novel approach that generates a VLM-based understanding of meme images and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Deepesh Gavit , Debajyoti Mazumder , Samiran Das , Jasabanta Patro

Multimodal image-text memes are prevalent on the internet, serving as a unique form of communication that combines visual and textual elements to convey humor, ideas, or emotions. However, some memes take a malicious turn, promoting hateful…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Giovanni Burbi , Alberto Baldrati , Lorenzo Agnolucci , Marco Bertini , Alberto Del Bimbo

The automated detection of sexism in memes is a challenging task due to multimodal ambiguity, cultural nuance, and the use of humor to provide plausible deniability. Content-only models often fail to capture the complexity of human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Iván Arcos , Paolo Rosso , Elena Gomis-Vicent

In recent years, the growing ubiquity of Internet memes on social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, has become a topic of immense interest. However, the classification and recognition of memes is much more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Li Yuan , Jin Wang , Xuejie Zhang

With the rapid rise of social media and Internet culture, memes have become a popular medium for expressing emotional tendencies. This has sparked growing interest in Meme Emotion Understanding (MEU), which aims to classify the emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yi Shi , Wenlong Meng , Zhenyuan Guo , Chengkun Wei , Wenzhi Chen

The prevalence of memes on social media has created the need to sentiment analyze their underlying meanings for censoring harmful content. Meme censoring systems by machine learning raise the need for a semi-supervised learning solution to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Pham Thai Hoang Tung , Nguyen Tan Viet , Ngo Tien Anh , Phan Duy Hung

The proliferation of social media has given rise to a new form of communication: memes. Memes are multimodal and often contain a combination of text and visual elements that convey meaning, humor, and cultural significance. While meme…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Nirmalendu Prakash , Han Wang , Nguyen Khoi Hoang , Ming Shan Hee , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Generating humorous memes is a challenging multimodal task that moves beyond direct image-to-caption supervision. It requires a nuanced reasoning over visual content, contextual cues, and subjective humor. To bridge this gap between visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xueyan Li , Yingyi Xue , Mengjie Jiang , Qingzi Zhu , Yazhe Niu

A meme is an part of media created to share an opinion or emotion across the internet. Due to its popularity, memes have become the new forms of communication on social media. However, due to its nature, they are being used in harmful ways…

Memes on the Internet are often harmless and sometimes amusing. However, by using certain types of images, text, or combinations of both, the seemingly harmless meme becomes a multimodal type of hate speech -- a hateful meme. The Hateful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Riza Velioglu , Jewgeni Rose

Hateful memes have emerged as a particularly challenging form of online abuse, motivating the development of automated detection systems. Most prior approaches rely on direct detection, producing only binary predictions. Such models fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingbiao Mei , Mingsheng Sun , Jinghong Chen , Pengda Qin , Yuhong Li , Da Chen , Bill Byrne

Recent studies have proposed models that yielded promising performance for the hateful meme classification task. Nevertheless, these proposed models do not generate interpretable explanations that uncover the underlying meaning and support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ming Shan Hee , Wen-Haw Chong , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Harmful or abusive online content has been increasing over time, raising concerns for social media platforms, government agencies, and policymakers. Such harmful or abusive content can have major negative impact on society, e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Rabindra Nath Nandi , Firoj Alam , Preslav Nakov