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We study how the problem of observables is fully resolved for background independent theories defined on finite graphs. We argue the correct analogue of coordinate independence is the invariance under changes of graph labels, a kind of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-05 Emil Broukal , Andrea Di Biagio , Eugenio Bianchi , Marios Christodoulou

Let A_1,...,A_k be a collection of families of subsets of an n-element set. We say that this collection is cross-intersecting if for any i,j in [k] with i not equal to j, A in A_i and B in A_j implies that the intersection of A and B is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-06 Vikram Kamat

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success in learning from graph-structured data. However, the influence of the input graph's topology on GNN behavior remains poorly understood. In this work, we explore whether GNNs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-26 Amine Mohamed Aboussalah , Abdessalam Ed-dib

We prove a coarse version of Halin's Grid Theorem: Every one-ended, locally finite graph that contains the disjoint union of infinitely many rays as an asymptotic minor also contains the half-grid as an asymptotic minor. More generally, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Sandra Albrechtsen , Matthias Hamann

Let $G$ be a finite group. A number of graphs with the vertex set $G$ have been studied, including the power graph, enhanced power graph, and commuting graph. These graphs form a hierarchy under the inclusion of edge sets, and it is useful…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-07 G. Arunkumar , Peter J. Cameron , Rajat Kanti Nath , Lavanya Selvaganesh

We initiate the study of the $p$-local commensurability graph of a group, where $p$ is a prime. This graph has vertices consisting of all finite-index subgroups of a group, where an edge is drawn between $A$ and $B$ if $[A : A\cap B]$ and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-27 Khalid Bou-Rabee , Daniel Studenmund

Let $A$ be a finite group acting by automorphisms on the finite group $G$. We introduce the commuting graph $\Gamma (G,A)$ of this action and study some questions related to the structure of $G$ under certain graph theoretical conditions on…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-27 İsmail Ş. Güloğlu , Gülin Ercan

We develop a theory of soficity for actions on graphs and obtain new applications to the study of sofic groups. We establish various examples, stability and permanence properties of sofic actions on graphs, in particular soficity is…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-29 David Gao , Greg Patchell , Srivatsav Kunnawalkam Elayavalli

We propose a definition of graph subshifts of finite type that can be seen as extending both the notions of subshifts of finite type from classical symbolic dynamics and finitely presented groups from combinatorial group theory. These are…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Pablo Arrighi , Amélia Durbec , Pierre Guillon

In a graph, the switching operation reverses adjacencies between a subset of vertices and the others. For a hereditary graph class $\mathcal{G}$, we are concerned with the maximum subclass and the minimum superclass of $\mathcal{G}$ that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Dhanyamol Antony , Yixin Cao , Sagartanu Pal , R. B. Sandeep

Graph modification problems are computational tasks where the goal is to change an input graph $G$ using operations from a fixed set, in order to make the resulting graph satisfy a target property, which usually entails membership to a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ivo Koch , Nina Pardal , Vinicius F. dos Santos

When one studies geometric properties of graphs, local finiteness is a common implicit assumption, and that of transitivity a frequent explicit one. By compactness arguments, local finiteness guarantees several regularity properties. It is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-06 Sébastien Martineau

We work with a generalization of knot theory, in which one diagram is reachable from another via a finite sequence of moves if a fixed condition, regarding the existence of certain morphisms in an associated category, is satisfied for every…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Maciej Niebrzydowski

We analyse the normal quotient structure of several infinite families of finite connected edge-transitive, four-valent oriented graphs. These families were singled out by Marusic and others to illustrate various different internal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-21 Jehan A. Al-bar , Ahmad N. Al-kenani , Najat Mohammad Muthana , Cheryl E. Praeger

The application of the network approach to the urban case poses several questions in terms of how to deal with metric distances, what kind of graph representation to use, what kind of measures to investigate, how to deepen the correlation…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergio Porta , Paolo Crucitti , Vito Latora

A well-established research line in structural and algorithmic graph theory is characterizing graph classes by listing their minimal obstructions. When this list is finite for some class $\mathcal C$ we obtain a polynomial-time algorithm…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-19 Santiago Guzmán-Pro

A code $C$ is a subset of the vertex set of a graph and $C$ is $s$-neighbour-transitive if its automorphism group ${\rm Aut}(C)$ acts transitively on each of the first $s+1$ parts $C_0,C_1,\ldots,C_s$ of the distance partition…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-20 Dean Crnković , Daniel R. Hawtin , Nina Mostarac , Andrea Švob

We give lower bounds for various natural node- and edge-based local strategies for exploring a graph. We consider this problem both in the setting of an arbitrary graph as well as the abstraction of a geometric exploration of a space by a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-03-21 Aditya Kumar Akash , Sandor P. Fekete , Seoung Kyou Lee , Alejandro Lopez-Ortiz , Daniela Maftuleac , James McLurkin

We prove a quantitative, finitary version of Trofimov's result that a connected, locally finite vertex-transitive graph G of polynomial growth admits a quotient with finite fibres on which the action of Aut(G) is virtually nilpotent with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Romain Tessera , Matthew Tointon

In a series of papers, of which this is the first, we study sufficient conditions for Hamiltonicity in terms of forbidden induced subgraphs and extend such results to locally finite infinite graphs. For this we use topological circles…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-17 Karl Heuer , Deniz Sarikaya