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The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is an array of 5,160 photomultipliers (PMTs) deployed on 86 strings at 1.5-2.5 km depth within the ice at the South Pole. The main goal of the IceCube experiment is the detection of an astrophysical neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Juan A. Aguilar

Some generalizations of the relation between high-energy astrophysical neutrino and cosmic ray fluxes are obtained, taking into account present results on the cosmic ray spectrum and composition as well as a more realistic modeling of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-06 Esteban Roulet

We describe the design and performance of IceTop, the air shower array on top of the IceCube neutrino detector. After the 2008/09 antarctic summer season both detectors are deployed at almost 3/4 of their design size. With the current…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 Todor Stanev

Earth's mass and internal structure have been primarily studied through gravitational and seismic methods. Neutrinos, however, offer an independent way to explore Earth's interior via matter effects in neutrino oscillations that depend on…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-02 Sharmistha Chattopadhyay

The recent observation by the IceCube neutrino observatory of an astrophysical flux of neutrinos represents the "first light" in the nascent field of neutrino astronomy. The observed diffuse neutrino flux seems to suggest a much larger…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-12-19 Gen2 Collaboration , M. G. Aartsen , M. Ackermann , J. Adams , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , M. Ahrens , D. Altmann , T. Anderson , G. Anton , C. Arguelles , T. C. Arlen , J. Auffenberg , S. Axani , X. Bai , I. Bartos , S. W. Barwick , V. Baum , R. Bay , J. J. Beatty , J. Becker Tjus , K. -H. Becker , S. BenZvi , P. Berghaus , D. Berley , E. Bernardini , A. Bernhard , D. Z. Besson , G. Binder , D. Bindig , M. Bissok , E. Blaufuss , J. Blumenthal , D. J. Boersma , C. Bohm , F. Bos , D. Bose , S. Böser , O. Botner , L. Brayeur , H. -P. Bretz , A. M. Brown , N. Buzinsky , J. Casey , M. Casier , E. Cheung , D. Chirkin , A. Christov , B. Christy , K. Clark , L. Classen , F. Clevermann , S. Coenders , G. H. Collin , J. M. Conrad , D. F. Cowen , A. H. Cruz Silva , J. Daughhetee , J. C. Davis , M. Day , J. P. A. M. de André , C. De Clercq , S. De Ridder , P. Desiati , K. D. de Vries , M. de With , T. DeYoung , J. C. Dí andaz-Vélez , M. Dunkman , R. Eagan , B. Eberhardt , T. Ehrhardt , B. Eichmann , J. Eisch , S. Euler , J. J. Evans , P. A. Evenson , O. Fadiran , A. R. Fazely , A. Fedynitch , J. Feintzeig , J. Felde , K. Filimonov , C. Finley , T. Fischer-Wasels , S. Flis , K. Frantzen , T. Fuchs , T. K. Gaisser , R. Gaior , J. Gallagher , L. Gerhardt , D. Gier , L. Gladstone , T. Glüsenkamp , A. Goldschmidt , G. Golup , J. G. Gonzalez , J. A. Goodman , D. Góra , D. Grant , P. Gretskov , J. C. Groh , A. Groß , C. Ha , C. Haack , A. Haj Ismail , P. Hallen , A. Hallgren , F. Halzen , K. Hanson , J. Haugen , D. Hebecker , D. Heereman , D. Heinen , K. Helbing , R. Hellauer , D. Hellwig , S. Hickford , J. Hignight , G. C. Hill , K. D. Hoffman , R. Hoffmann , A. Homeier , K. Hoshina , F. Huang , W. Huelsnitz , P. O. Hulth , K. Hultqvist , A. Ishihara , E. Jacobi , J. Jacobsen , G. S. Japaridze , K. Jero , O. Jlelati , B. J. P. Jones , M. Jurkovic , O. Kalekin , A. Kappes , T. Karg , A. Karle , T. Katori , U. F. Katz , M. Kauer , A. Keivani , J. L. Kelley , A. Kheirandish , J. Kiryluk , J. Kläs , S. R. Klein , J. -H. Köhne , G. Kohnen , H. Kolanoski , A. Koob , L. Köpke , C. Kopper , S. Kopper , D. J. Koskinen , M. Kowalski , C. B. Krauss , A. Kriesten , K. Krings , G. Kroll , M. Kroll , J. Kunnen , N. Kurahashi , T. Kuwabara , M. Labare , J. L. Lanfranchi , D. T. Larsen , M. J. Larson , M. Lesiak-Bzdak , M. Leuermann , J. LoSecco , J. Lünemann , J. Madsen , G. Maggi , K. B. M. Mahn , S. Marka , Z. Marka , R. Maruyama , K. Mase , H. S. Matis , R. Maunu , F. McNally , K. Meagher , M. Medici , A. Meli , T. Meures , S. Miarecki , E. Middell , E. Middlemas , N. Milke , J. Miller , L. Mohrmann , T. Montaruli , R. W. Moore , R. Morse , R. Nahnhauer , U. Naumann , H. Niederhausen , S. C. Nowicki , D. R. Nygren , A. Obertacke , S. Odrowski , A. Olivas , A. Omairat , A. O'Murchadha , T. Palczewski , L. Paul , Ö. Penek , J. A. Pepper , C. Pérez de los Heros , C. Pfendner , D. Pieloth , E. Pinat , J. L. Pinfold , J. Posselt , P. B. Price , G. T. Przybylski , J. Pütz , M. Quinnan , L. Rädel , M. Rameez , K. Rawlins , P. Redl , I. Rees , R. Reimann , M. Relich , E. Resconi , W. Rhode , M. Richman , B. Riedel , S. Robertson , J. P. Rodrigues , M. Rongen , C. Rott , T. Ruhe , B. Ruzybayev , D. Ryckbosch , S. M. Saba , H. -G. Sander , J. Sandroos , P. Sandstrom , M. Santander , S. Sarkar , K. Schatto , F. Scheriau , T. Schmidt , M. Schmitz , S. Schoenen , S. Schöneberg , A. Schönwald , A. Schukraft , L. Schulte , O. Schulz , D. Seckel , Y. Sestayo , S. Seunarine , M. H. Shaevitz , R. Shanidze , M. W. E. Smith , D. Soldin , S. Söldner-Rembold , G. M. Spiczak , C. Spiering , M. Stamatikos , T. Stanev , N. A. Stanisha , A. Stasik , T. Stezelberger , R. G. Stokstad , A. Stöß andl , E. A. Strahler , R. Ström , N. L. Strotjohann , G. W. Sullivan , H. Taavola , I. Taboada , A. Taketa , A. Tamburro , H. K. M. Tanaka , A. Tepe , S. Ter-Antonyan , A. Terliuk , G. Teš , andić , S. Tilav , P. A. Toale , M. N. Tobin , D. Tosi , M. Tselengidou , E. Unger , M. Usner , S. Vallecorsa , N. van Eijndhoven , J. Vandenbroucke , J. van Santen , S. Vanheule , M. Vehring , M. Voge , M. Vraeghe , C. Walck , M. Wallraff , Ch. Weaver , M. Wellons , C. Wendt , S. Westerhoff , B. J. Whelan , N. Whitehorn , C. Wichary , K. Wiebe , C. H. Wiebusch , D. R. Williams , H. Wissing , M. Wolf , T. R. Wood , K. Woschnagg , S. Wren , D. L. Xu , X. W. Xu , Y. Xu , J. P. Yanez , G. Yodh , S. Yoshida , P. Zarzhitsky , J. Ziemann , M. Zoll

Cosmic-ray interactions with the solar atmosphere are expected to produce particle showers which in turn produce neutrinos from weak decays of mesons. These solar atmospheric neutrinos (SA$\nu$s) have never been observed experimentally. A…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-24 IceCube Collaboration , M. G. Aartsen , M. Ackermann , J. Adams , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , M. Ahrens , C. Alispach , K. Andeen , T. Anderson , I. Ansseau , G. Anton , C. Argüelles , J. Auffenberg , S. Axani , P. Backes , H. Bagherpour , X. Bai , A. Balagopal V. , A. Barbano , S. W. Barwick , B. Bastian , V. Baum , S. Baur , R. Bay , J. J. Beatty , K. -H. Becker , J. Becker Tjus , S. BenZvi , D. Berley , E. Bernardini , D. Z. Besson , G. Binder , D. Bindig , E. Blaufuss , S. Blot , C. Bohm , S. Böser , O. Botner , J. Böttcher , E. Bourbeau , J. Bourbeau , F. Bradascio , J. Braun , S. Bron , J. Brostean-Kaiser , A. Burgman , J. Buscher , R. S. Busse , T. Carver , C. Chen , E. Cheung , D. Chirkin , S. Choi , K. Clark , L. Classen , A. Coleman , G. H. Collin , J. M. Conrad , P. Coppin , P. Correa , D. F. Cowen , R. Cross , P. Dave , C. De Clercq , J. J. DeLaunay , H. Dembinski , K. Deoskar , S. De Ridder , P. Desiati , K. D. de Vries , G. de Wasseige , M. de With , T. DeYoung , A. Diaz , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , H. Dujmovic , M. Dunkman , E. Dvorak , B. Eberhardt , T. Ehrhardt , P. Eller , R. Engel , P. A. Evenson , S. Fahey , A. R. Fazely , J. Felde , K. Filimonov , C. Finley , D. Fox , A. Franckowiak , E. Friedman , A. Fritz , T. K. Gaisser , J. Gallagher , E. Ganster , S. Garrappa , L. Gerhardt , K. Ghorbani , T. Glauch , T. Glüsenkamp , A. Goldschmidt , J. G. Gonzalez , D. Grant , T. Grégoire , Z. Griffith , S. Griswold , M. Günder , M. Gündüz , C. Haack , A. Hallgren , R. Halliday , L. Halve , F. Halzen , K. Hanson , A. Haungs , D. Hebecker , D. Heereman , P. Heix , K. Helbing , R. Hellauer , F. Henningsen , S. Hickford , J. Hignight , G. C. Hill , K. D. Hoffman , R. Hoffmann , T. Hoinka , B. Hokanson-Fasig , K. Hoshina , F. Huang , M. Huber , T. Huber , K. Hultqvist , M. Hünnefeld , R. Hussain , S. In , N. Iovine , A. Ishihara , M. Jansson , G. S. Japaridze , M. Jeong , K. Jero , B. J. P. Jones , F. Jonske , R. Joppe , D. Kang , W. Kang , A. Kappes , D. Kappesser , T. Karg , M. Karl , A. Karle , U. Katz , M. Kauer , J. L. Kelley , A. Kheirandish , J. Kim , T. Kintscher , J. Kiryluk , T. Kittler , S. R. Klein , R. Koirala , H. Kolanoski , L. Köpke , C. Kopper , S. Kopper , D. J. Koskinen , M. Kowalski , K. Krings , G. Krückl , N. Kulacz , N. Kurahashi , A. Kyriacou , J. L. Lanfranchi , M. J. Larson , F. Lauber , J. P. Lazar , K. Leonard , A. Leszczyńska , M. Leuermann , Q. R. Liu , E. Lohfink , C. J. Lozano Mariscal , L. Lu , F. Lucarelli , J. Lünemann , W. Luszczak , Y. Lyu , W. Y. Ma , J. Madsen , G. Maggi , K. B. M. Mahn , Y. Makino , P. Mallik , K. Mallot , S. Mancina , I. C. Mariş , R. Maruyama , K. Mase , R. Maunu , F. McNally , K. Meagher , M. Medici , A. Medina , M. Meier , S. Meighen-Berger , G. Merino , T. Meures , J. Micallef , D. Mockler , G. Momenté , T. Montaruli , R. W. Moore , R. Morse , M. Moulai , P. Muth , R. Nagai , U. Naumann , G. Neer , H. Niederhausen , M. U. Nisa , S. C. Nowicki , D. R. Nygren , A. Obertacke Pollmann , M. Oehler , A. Olivas , A. O'Murchadha , E. O'Sullivan , T. Palczewski , H. Pandya , D. V. Pankova , N. Park , P. Peiffer , C. Pérez de los Heros , S. Philippen , D. Pieloth , S. Pieper , E. Pinat , A. Pizzuto , M. Plum , A. Porcelli , P. B. Price , G. T. Przybylski , C. Raab , A. Raissi , M. Rameez , L. Rauch , K. Rawlins , I. C. Rea , A. Rehman , R. Reimann , B. Relethford , M. Renschler , G. Renzi , E. Resconi , W. Rhode , M. Richman , S. Robertson , M. Rongen , C. Rott , T. Ruhe , D. Ryckbosch , D. Rysewyk , I. Safa , S. E. Sanchez Herrera , A. Sandrock , J. Sandroos , M. Santander , S. Sarkar , S. Sarkar , K. Satalecka , M. Schaufel , H. Schieler , P. Schlunder , T. Schmidt , A. Schneider , J. Schneider , F. G. Schröder , L. Schumacher , S. Sclafani , D. Seckel , S. Seunarine , S. Shefali , M. Silva , R. Snihur , J. Soedingrekso , D. Soldin , M. Song , G. M. Spiczak , C. Spiering , J. Stachurska , M. Stamatikos , T. Stanev , R. Stein , J. Stettner , A. Steuer , T. Stezelberger , R. G. Stokstad , A. Stößl , N. L. Strotjohann , T. Stürwald , T. Stuttard , G. W. Sullivan , I. Taboada , F. Tenholt , S. Ter-Antonyan , A. Terliuk , S. Tilav , K. Tollefson , L. Tomankova , C. Tönnis , S. Toscano , D. Tosi , A. Trettin , M. Tselengidou , C. F. Tung , A. Turcati , R. Turcotte , C. F. Turley , B. Ty , E. Unger , M. A. Unland Elorrieta , M. Usner , J. Vandenbroucke , W. Van Driessche , D. van Eijk , N. van Eijndhoven , J. van Santen , S. Verpoest , M. Vraeghe , C. Walck , A. Wallace , M. Wallraff , N. Wandkowsky , T. B. Watson , C. Weaver , A. Weindl , M. J. Weiss , J. Weldert , C. Wendt , J. Werthebach , B. J. Whelan , N. Whitehorn , K. Wiebe , C. H. Wiebusch , L. Wille , D. R. Williams , L. Wills , M. Wolf , J. Wood , T. R. Wood , K. Woschnagg , G. Wrede , D. L. Xu , X. W. Xu , Y. Xu , J. P. Yanez , G. Yodh , S. Yoshida , T. Yuan , M. Zöcklein

IceCube is a 1 km^3 neutrino detector now being built at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. It consists of 4800 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) which detect Cherenkov radiation from the charged particles produced in neutrino…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-08-13 Spencer R. Klein

The observed dark matter abundance in the Universe can be explained with non-thermal, heavy dark matter models. In order for dark matter to still be present today, its lifetime has to far exceed the age of the Universe. In these scenarios,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-07-27 Minjin Jeong

As IceCube surpasses a decade of operation in the full detector configuration, results that drive forward the fields of neutrino astronomy, cosmic ray physics, multi-messenger astronomy, particle physics, and beyond continue to emerge at an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-20 Naoko Kurahashi

Galactic cosmic rays reach energies of at least several PeV, and their interactions should generate $\gamma$-rays and neutrinos from decay of secondary pions. Therefore, Galactic sources have a guaranteed contribution to the total…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-03 Ali Kheirandish

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, located under 1.4 km of Antarctic ice, instruments a cubic kilometer of ice with 5,160 optical modules that detect Cherenkov radiation originating from neutrino interactions. The more densely instrumented…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-27 Jessie Micallef

Searches for astrophysical neutrino sources in IceCube rely on an unbinned likelihood that consists of an energy and spatial component. Accurate modeling of the detector, ice, and spatial distributions leads to improved directional and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-14 Leo Seen , Tianlu Yuan , Lu Lu , Matthias Thiesmeyer , Albrecht Karle

In this review paper, we present the main aspects of high-energy cosmic neutrino astrophysics. We begin by describing the generic expectations for cosmic neutrinos, including the effects of propagation from their sources to the detectors.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-07 Andrea Palladino , Maurizio Spurio , Francesco Vissani

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is highly sensitive to neutrino bursts of $\mathcal{O}$(10) MeV energy that are would be generated by core collapse supernovae in our Galaxy. It will resolve temporal structures in supernova light curves…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-23 Alexander Fritz , David Kappesser

IceCube is currently not only the largest neutrino telescope but also one of the world's most competitive instruments for studying cosmic rays in the PeV to EeV regime where the transition from galactic to extra-galactic sources should…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-21 Sebastian Böser

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer Cherenkov array deployed in the deep, glacial ice at the geographic South Pole. An important feature of the instrumented ice are undulations of layers of constant optical properties over…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-10 Anna Eimer , Martin Rongen

We discuss design considerations and simulation results for IceRay, a proposed large-scale ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrino detector at the South Pole. The array is designed to detect the coherent Askaryan radio emission from UHE neutrino…

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer detector located in the Antarctic ice at the geographic South Pole. It reads out over 5,000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to detect Cherenkov light produced by secondary particles,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-11 Philipp Soldin , Shuyang Deng , Lasse Düser , Philipp Fürst

Cosmic ray (CR) upscattering of dark matter is considered as one of the most straightforward mechanisms to accelerate ambient dark matter, making it detectable at high threshold, large volume experiments. In this work, we revisit CR…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-02 Christopher Cappiello , Qinrui Liu , Gopolang Mohlabeng , Aaron C. Vincent

The accurate determination of the elemental composition of cosmic rays at high energies is expected to provide crucial clues on the origin of these particles. Previous direct measurements of composition have been limited by experiment…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 D. B. Kieda , S. P. Swordy , S. P. Wakely