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Let the class A of graphs be bridge-addable; that is, whenever a graph G in A has vertices u and v in different components then the graph G+uv is in A. For a random graph sampled uniformly from the graphs in A on vertex set {1,..,n}, there…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-04 Colin McDiarmid

A path in a vertex-colored graph is a {\it vertex-proper path} if any two internal adjacent vertices differ in color. A vertex-colored graph is {\it proper vertex $k$-connected} if any two vertices of the graph are connected by $k$ disjoint…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-20 Hui Jiang , Xueliang Li , Yingying Zhang , Yan Zhao

A graph $G$ is $\mathcal S_3$-connected if, for any mapping $\beta : V (G) \mapsto {\mathbb Z}_3$ with $\sum_{v\in V(G)} \beta(v)\equiv 0\pmod3$, there exists a strongly connected orientation $D$ satisfying $d^{+}_D(v)-d^{-}_D(v)\equiv…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Rui Guan , Chenglin Jiang , Hong-Jian Lai , Jiaao Li , Xinyuan Li

We say that a graph $G$ is $(2,m)$-linked if, for any distinct vertices $a_1,\ldots, a_m, b_1,b_2$ in $G$, there exist vertex disjoint connected subgraphs $A,B$ of $G$ such that $\{a_1, \ldots, a_m\}$ is contained in $A$ and $\{b_1,b_2\}$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Xiying Du , Yanjia Li , Shijie Xie , Xingxing Yu

A cactus is a connected graph in which each edge is contained in at most one cycle. We generalize the concept of cactus graphs, i.e., a $k$-cactus is a connected graph in which each edge is contained in at most $k$ cycles where $k\ge 1$. It…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Licheng Zhang , Yuanqiu Huang

Let $G$ be a $3$-connected graph with a $3$-connected (or sufficiently small) simple minor $H$. We establish that $G$ has a forest $F$ with at least $\left\lceil(|G|-|H|+1)/2\right\rceil$ edges such that $G/e$ is $3$-connected with an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-14 João Paulo Costalonga

We study connected graphs with a fixed degree sequence, in the sparse setting where the number of edges grows linearly in the number of vertices. Using the relation to the configuration model, we identify the number of such connected graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Sasha Bell , Serte Donderwinkel , Remco van der Hofstad

A path in an edge-colored graph is called a proper path if no two adjacent edges of the path are colored with one same color. An edge-colored graph is called $k$-proper connected if any two vertices of the graph are connected by $k$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-13 Fei Huang , Xueliang Li , Shujing Wang

Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n\geq 2$ and let $k\in \{1,\ldots ,n-1\}$. The $k$-token graph $F_k(G)$ of $G$ is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-subsets of $V(G)$, where two vertices are adjacent in $F_k(G)$ whenever their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 J. Leaños , M. K. Christophe Ndjatchi

An embedding of a graph into $\mathbb{R}^3$ is said to be linear, if any edge of the graph is sent to be a line segment. And we say that an embedding $f$ of a graph $G$ into $\mathbb{R}^3$ is free, if $\pi_1(\mathbb{R}^3-f(G))$ is a free…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-09-25 Youngsik Huh , Jung Hoon Lee

A simple topological graph $G$ is a graph drawn in the plane so that any pair of edges have at most one point in common, which is either an endpoint or a proper crossing. $G$ is called saturated if no further edge can be added without…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-30 Jan Kynčl , János Pach , Radoš Radoičić , Géza Tóth

A $k$-regular graph is called a divisible design graph if its vertex set can be partitioned into $m$ classes of size $n$, such that two distinct vertices from the same class have exactly $\lambda_1$ common neighbours, and two vertices from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Dmitry Panasenko

Median graphs are connected graphs in which for all three vertices there is a unique vertex that belongs to shortest paths between each pair of these three vertices. To be more formal, a graph $G$ is a median graph if, for all $\mu, u,v\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Marc Hellmuth , Sandhya Thekkumpadan Puthiyaveedu

We offer a new structural basis for the theory of 3-connected graphs, providing a unique decomposition of every such graph into parts that are either quasi 4-connected, wheels, or thickened $K_{3,m}$'s. Our construction is explicit,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-25 Johannes Carmesin , Jan Kurkofka

This paper is a short introduction to the theory of tangles, both in graphs and general connectivity systems. An emphasis is put on the correspondence between tangles of order k and k-connected components. In particular, we prove that there…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Martin Grohe

A vertex of degree one in a tree is called an end vertex and a vertex of degree at least three is called a branch vertex. For a graph $G$, let $\sigma_2$ be the minimum degree sum of two nonadjacent vertices in $G$. We consider tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Zhora Nikoghosyan

The connected tree-width of a graph is the minimum width of a tree-decomposition whose parts induce connected subgraphs. Long cycles are examples of graphs that have small tree-width but large connected tree-width. We show that a graph has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-15 Reinhard Diestel , Malte Müller

In this paper, all graphs are assumed to be finite. For $s\geq 1$ and a graph $\G$, if for every pair of isomorphic connected induced subgraphs on at most $s$ vertices there exists an automorphism of $\G$ mapping the first to the second,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-14 Jinxin Zhou

For non-negative integers~$k$, we consider graphs in which every vertex has exactly $k$ vertices at distance~$2$, i.e., graphs whose distance-$2$ graphs are $k$-regular. We call such graphs $k$-metamour-regular motivated by the terminology…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Elisabeth Gaar , Daniel Krenn

A graph is universally $k$-edge-weightable if for every $k$-element set $Q\subset\mathbb{R}$, it admits a proper $Q$-edge weighting. The settled 1-2-3 conjecture implies that for any arithmetic progression $\{a,b,c\}$, every nice regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Kecai Deng
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