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We propose a new kind of embedding for natural language text that deeply represents semantic meaning. Standard text embeddings use the outputs from hidden layers of a pretrained language model. In our method, we let a language model learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Oleg Vasilyev , John Bohannon

Recent research has shown that word embedding spaces learned from text corpora of different languages can be aligned without any parallel data supervision. Inspired by the success in unsupervised cross-lingual word embeddings, in this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Yu-An Chung , Wei-Hung Weng , Schrasing Tong , James Glass

Neural language models learn word representations, or embeddings, that capture rich linguistic and conceptual information. Here we investigate the embeddings learned by neural machine translation models, a recently-developed class of neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-04-06 Felix Hill , Kyunghyun Cho , Sebastien Jean , Coline Devin , Yoshua Bengio

Studying how embeddings are organized in space not only enhances model interpretability but also uncovers factors that drive downstream task performance. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of topological and geometric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Florian Rottach , William Rudman , Bastian Rieck , Harrisen Scells , Carsten Eickhoff

Distributed word embeddings have shown superior performances in numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, their performances vary significantly across different tasks, implying that the word embeddings learnt by those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-21 Danushka Bollegala , Kohei Hayashi , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi

Following the recent success of word embeddings, it has been argued that there is no such thing as an ideal representation for words, as different models tend to capture divergent and often mutually incompatible aspects like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Mikel Artetxe , Gorka Labaka , Iñigo Lopez-Gazpio , Eneko Agirre

This paper proposes to use distributed representation of words (word embeddings) in cross-language textual similarity detection. The main contributions of this paper are the following: (a) we introduce new cross-language similarity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-13 J. Ferrero , F. Agnes , L. Besacier , D. Schwab

Graph embedding is a transformation of nodes of a network into a set of vectors. A good embedding should capture the underlying graph topology and structure, node-to-node relationship, and other relevant information about the graph, its…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Bogumił Kamiński , Łukasz Kraiński , Paweł Prałat , François Théberge

Automatic measurement of semantic text similarity is an important task in natural language processing. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of different vector space models to perform this task. We address the real-world problem of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Omid Shahmirzadi , Adam Lugowski , Kenneth Younge

Word embeddings are a popular way to improve downstream performances in contemporary language modeling. However, the underlying geometric structure of the embedding space is not well understood. We present a series of explorations using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Hongwei , Zhou , Oskar Elek , Pranav Anand , Angus G. Forbes

We address the task of unsupervised Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) by ensembling diverse pre-trained sentence encoders into sentence meta-embeddings. We apply, extend and evaluate different meta-embedding methods from the word embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Nina Poerner , Ulli Waltinger , Hinrich Schütze

Text embeddings are essential for many tasks, such as document retrieval, clustering, and semantic similarity assessment. In this paper, we study how to contrastively train text embedding models in a compute-optimal fashion, given a suite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Alicja Ziarko , Albert Q. Jiang , Bartosz Piotrowski , Wenda Li , Mateja Jamnik , Piotr Miłoś

This position paper argues that text embedding research should move beyond surface meaning and embrace implicit semantics as a central modeling objective. Text embeddings are a foundational component of modern NLP, underpinning a wide range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yiqun Sun , Qiang Huang , Anthony K. H. Tung , Jun Yu

We propose a method that learns a discriminative yet semantic space for object categorization, where we also embed auxiliary semantic entities such as supercategories and attributes. Contrary to prior work which only utilized them as side…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-12-10 Sung Ju Hwang , Leonid Sigal

Entity embeddings, which represent different aspects of each entity with a single vector like word embeddings, are a key component of neural entity linking models. Existing entity embeddings are learned from canonical Wikipedia articles and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Feng Hou , Ruili Wang , Jun He , Yi Zhou

Vector representations of sentences, trained on massive text corpora, are widely used as generic sentence embeddings across a variety of NLP problems. The learned representations are generally assumed to be continuous and real-valued,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Dinghan Shen , Pengyu Cheng , Dhanasekar Sundararaman , Xinyuan Zhang , Qian Yang , Meng Tang , Asli Celikyilmaz , Lawrence Carin

Word embedding parameters often dominate overall model sizes in neural methods for natural language processing. We reduce deployed model sizes of text classifiers by learning a hard word clustering in an end-to-end manner. We use the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Mingda Chen , Kevin Gimpel

In this work, our objective is to address the problems of generalization and flexibility for text recognition in documents. We introduce a new model that exploits the repetitive nature of characters in languages, and decouples the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Chuhan Zhang , Ankush Gupta , Andrew Zisserman

Foundation models have established unified representations for natural language processing, yet this paradigm remains largely unexplored for tabular data. Existing methods face fundamental limitations: LLM-based approaches lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Minjie Qiang , Mingming Zhang , Xiaoyi Bao , Xing Fu , Yu Cheng , Weiqiang Wang , Zhongqing Wang , Ningtao Wang

Learning vector representation for words is an important research field which may benefit many natural language processing tasks. Two limitations exist in nearly all available models, which are the bias caused by the context definition and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-01 Xuefeng Yang , Kezhi Mao