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Random bit generators (RBGs) are key components of a variety of information processing applications ranging from simulations to cryptography. In particular, cryptographic systems require "strong" RBGs that produce high-entropy bit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Fiorentino , C. M. Santori , S. M. Spillane , W. J. Munro , R. G. Beausoleil

Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (s-MTJs) are core components for spintronics-based probabilistic computing (p-computing), a promising candidate for energy-efficient unconventional computing. To achieve reliable performance under…

We propose and computationally analyze a nonvolatile static random access memory (NV-SRAM) cell using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with magnetic-field-free current-induced magnetization switching (CIMS) architecture. A pair of MTJs…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-13 Shuu'ichirou Yamamoto , Satoshi Sugahara

Ongoing semiconductor scaling challenges and the rise of neuromorphic computing have sparked interest in exploring novel computing schemes to achieve higher power efficiency and computational capabilities. Probabilistic computing is one…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xuejian Zhang , John Arnesh Divakaruni Daniel , Neil Dilley , Zhihong Chen , Joerg Appenzeller

The spatiotemporal nature of neuronal behavior in spiking neural networks (SNNs) make SNNs promising for edge applications that require high energy efficiency. To realize SNNs in hardware, spintronic neuron implementations can bring…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Thomas Leonard , Samuel Liu , Harrison Jin , Jean Anne C. Incorvia

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) represents an energy efficient method to control magnetization in magnetic memory devices. However, deterministically switching perpendicular memory bits usually requires the application of an additional bias field…

Applied Physics · Physics 2018-10-03 Qianchang Wang , John Domann , Guoqiang Yu , Anthony Barra , Kang L. Wang , Gregory P. Carman

An operating system kernel uses cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator for creating address space localization randomization offsets to protect memory addresses to processes from exploration, storing users' password securely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Kunal Abhishek , George Dharma Prakash Raj E

Quality randomness is fundamental to cryptographic operations but on embedded systems good sources are (seemingly) hard to find. Rather than use expensive custom hardware, our ERHARD-RNG Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) utilizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Jacob Grycel , Robert J. Walls

Recently, spin-transfer torque (STT) based magnetization switching has been widely utilized in magnetic resistance-based memories, which have broad applications in microcontroller units and other devices. This study utilizes a macrospin…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-03-18 Tomoki Watanabe , Keisuke Yamada , Yoshinobu Nakatani

A Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) is any algorithm generating a sequence of numbers approximating properties of random numbers. These numbers are widely employed in mid-level cryptography and in software applications. Test suites are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Luca Pasqualini , Maurizio Parton

Dynamic and non-linear systems are emerging as potential candidates for random bit generation. In this context, chaotic systems, which are both dynamic and stochastic, are particularly suitable. This paper introduces a new continuous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-09 Ngoc T. Nguyen , Toan Q. Bui , Ghyslain Gagnon , Pascal Giard , Georges Kaddoum

Probabilistic computers offer promising solutions for computationally hard problems in domains such as combinatorial optimization and machine learning. A key building block in these systems is the probabilistic bit (p-bit), which relies on…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ju-Young Yoon , Nuno Cacoilo , Advait Madhavan , Jabez J. McClelland , Shun Kanai , Hideo Ohno , Shunsuke Fukami , William A. Borders

Random number generators (RNG) are essential elements in many cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNG) rely upon sources of randomness from natural processes such as those arising from quantum mechanics phenomena. We…

Magnetic tunnel junctions operating in the superparamagnetic regime are promising devices in the field of probabilistic computing, which is suitable for applications like high-dimensional optimization or sampling problems. Further, random…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Christopher Safranski , Jan Kaiser , Philip Trouilloud , Pouya Hashemi , Guohan Hu , Jonathan Z Sun

In this study, we propose a novel computing paradigm "Bit Stream Computing" that is constructed on the logic used in stochastic computing, but does not necessarily employ randomly or Binomially distributed bit streams as stochastic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Ensar Vahapoglu , Mustafa Altun

Voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) offers an emerging approach to realize energy-efficient magnetization switching in spintronic devices such as magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). Here, we show that manipulating the…

Stochastic computing is a paradigm in which logical operations are performed on randomly generated bit streams. Complex arithmetic operations can be executed by simple logic circuits, resulting in a much smaller area footprint compared to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Yadu Kiran , Marc Riedel

Brain-inspired computing architectures attempt to mimic the computations performed in the neurons and the synapses in the human brain in order to achieve its efficiency in learning and cognitive tasks. In this work, we demonstrate the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Abhronil Sengupta , Priyadarshini Panda , Parami Wijesinghe , Yusung Kim , Kaushik Roy

Analog crossbar arrays consisting of emerging memory devices can greatly alleviate the computational strain required by vector matrix multiplications for neural network applications. The ability to produce spin orbit torque-magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Samuel Liu , Chen-Yu Hu , Ming-Yuan Song , Xinyu Bao , Jean Anne C. Incorvia

We demonstrate numerically that a pure time-harmonic bias AC current of some particular amplitude $\tau_f$ and angular frequency $\omega_f$ can excite the chaotic magnetization dynamics in a Josephson-like antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin Hall…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-24 D. V. Slobodianiuk , O. V. Prokopenko