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We propose a possible unified model of short and long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), X-ray rich GRBs, and X-ray flashes. The jet of a GRB is assumed to consist of multiple sub-jets or sub-shells (i.e., an inhomogeneous jet model). The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 Ryo Yamazaki , Kunihito Ioka , Takashi Nakamura , Kenji Toma

Gravitational microlensing of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provides a unique opportunity to probe compact dark matter and small-scale structures in the Universe. However, identifying such microlensed GRBs within large data sets is a significant…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-20 Mohammad H. Zhoolideh Haghighi , Zeinab Kalantari , Sohrab Rahvar , Alaa Ibrahim

The taxonomy of optical emission detected during the critical first few minutes after the onset of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) defines two broad classes: prompt optical emission correlated with prompt gamma-ray emission, and early optical…

Context. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have traditionally been classified by duration into long (LGRBs) and short (SGRBs), with the former believed to originate from massive star collapses and the latter from compact binary mergers. However,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-15 R. Maccary , C. Guidorzi , A. E. Camisasca , M. Maistrello , S. Kobayashi , L. Amati , L. Bazzanini , M. Bulla , L. Ferro , F. Frontera , A. Tsvetkova

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and most intense bursts of gamma-rays that come from random direction in space. Their origin are still unknown and they originate likely from cosmological distances, probably after birth of a new black hole…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-03-19 S. Akkoyun

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a mixed class of sources consisting of, at least, the long duration and short-hard subclasses, the X-ray flashes, and the low-luminosity GRBs. In all cases, the release of enormous amounts of energy on a short…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-24 Charles D. Dermer , Chris L. Fryer

The number of detections as well as significantly deep non-detections of optical/NIR afterglows of Type I (short-duration population) Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) has become large enough that statistically meaningful samples can now be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 David Alexander Kann

The mechanism responsible for the afterglow emission of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) and its connection to the prompt $\gamma$-ray emission is still a debated issue. Relations between intrinsic properties of the prompt or afterglow emission can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-16 Maria Dainotti , Roberta Del Vecchio

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are detectable out to very large distances and as such are potentially powerful cosmological probes. Historically, the angular distribution of GRBs provided important information about their origin and physical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-11 T. N. Ukwatta , P. R. Wozniak

Taking into account the recent suggestion that a short gamma-ray burst (GRB) looks like the first 1 sec of a long GRB, we propose that the jet of a GRB consists of multiple sub-jets or sub-shells (i.e., an inhomogeneous jet model). The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ryo Yamazaki , Kunihito Ioka , Takashi Nakamura

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are short and intense emission of soft gamma-rays, which have fascinated astronomers and astrophysicists since their unexpected discovery in 1960s. The X-ray/optical/radio afterglow observations confirm the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-05-07 Yi-Zhong Fan , Tsvi Piran

The brightest Gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever, GRB 221009A, displays ultra-long GRB (ULGRB) characteristics, with a prompt emission duration exceeding 1000 s. To constrain the origin and central engine of this unique burst, we analyze its prompt…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-04 Amit Kumar Ror , Rahul Gupta , Amar Aryan , Shashi Bhushan Pandey , S. R. Oates , A. J. Castro-Tirado , Sudhir Kumar

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into two classes according to their durations. We investigate if the softness of bursts plays a role in the conventional classification of the objects. We employ the BATSE (Burst and Transient Source…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-10-12 Y. -P. Qin , A. C. Gupta , J. H. Fan , C. -Y. Su , R. -J. Lu

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts are the manifestations of massive stellar death. Due to the immense energy release they are detectable from most of the observable universe. In this way they allow us to study the deaths of single (or binary)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-25 J. Fynbo , D. Malesani

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to belong to two classes and they are conventionally divided according to their durations. This classification scheme is not satisfied due to the fact that duration distributions of the two classes are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Yi-Ping Qin , Zhi-Fu Chen

The origin of gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission, bursts of gamma-rays lasting from shorter than one second to thousands of seconds, remains not fully understood after more than 40 years of observations. The uncertainties lie in several…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-03-03 Bing Zhang

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) offer a powerful window to probe the progenitor systems responsible for the formation of heavy elements through the rapid neutron capture (r-) process, thanks to their exceptional luminosity, which allows them to be…

One of the most important task of the Gamma-Ray Burst field is the classification of the bursts. Many researches have proven the existence of the third kind (intermediate duration) of GRBs in the BATSE data. Recent works have analyzed…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-04-30 I. Horvath , Z. Bagoly , A. de Ugarte Postigo , L. G. Balazs , P. Veres

We study statistical properties of long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) produced by the collapsing cores of WR stars in binary systems. Fast rotation of the cores enables a two-stage collapse scenario, implying the formation of a spinar-like…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-09-28 G. V. Lipunova , E. S. Gorbovskoy , A. I. Bogomazov , V. M. Lipunov

The characteristics of the Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) environment may reflect the differences in GRB progenitors: long GRBs are expected to be found in high-density star-forming regions of the GRB host galaxies, while short ones may be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-24 Dounia Saez , Diego Götz
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