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This paper develops a nonparametric model that represents how sequences of outcomes and treatment choices influence one another in a dynamic manner. In this setting, we are interested in identifying the average outcome for individuals in…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-01-16 Sukjin Han

We develop a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) approach to evaluate the causal effect of treatment in a randomized trial where a nonterminal event may be censored by a terminal event, but not vice versa (i.e., semi-competing risks). Based on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-23 Yanxun Xu , Daniel Scharfstein , Peter Müller , Michael Daniels

Dynamic treatment regimes in oncology and other disease areas often can be characterized by an alternating sequence of treatments or other actions and transition times between disease states. The sequence of transition states may vary…

Applications · Statistics 2015-11-17 Yanxun Xu , Peter Mueller , Abdus S. Wahed , Peter F. Thall

Determining the extent to which a patient is benefiting from cancer therapy is challenging. Criteria for quantifying the extent of "tumor response" observed within a few cycles of treatment have been established for various types of solid…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-18 Jie Zhou , Xun Jiang , H. Amy Xia , Peng Wei , Brian P. Hobbs

Nonparametric and semiparametric methods are commonly used in survival analysis to mitigate the bias due to model misspecification. However, such methods often cannot estimate upper-tail survival quantiles when a sizable proportion of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-19 Yifan Wang , Tian You , Martin Lysy

Recently, conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimation has been attracting much attention due to its importance in various fields such as statistics, social and biomedical sciences. This study proposes a partially linear…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-31 Shunsuke Horii

Reinforcement learning in mobile health (mHealth) interventions requires balancing intervention efficacy with user burden, particularly when state measurements (for example, user surveys or feedback) are costly yet essential. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Aseel Rawashdeh

Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials with a survival outcome are often challenged by immortal time (IMT), a period of follow-up during which the survival outcome cannot occur because of the observed later treatment initiation. It has…

Applications · Statistics 2022-02-08 Jiping Wang , Peter Peduzzi , Michael Wininger , Shuangge Ma

This study considers treatment effect models in which others' treatment decisions can affect both one's own treatment and outcome. Focusing on the case of two-player interactions, we formulate treatment decision behavior as a complete…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-02-23 Tadao Hoshino , Takahide Yanagi

Motivated by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (ARDSNetwork) ARDS respiratory management (ARMA) trial, we developed a flexible Bayesian machine learning approach to estimate the average causal effect and heterogeneous causal…

Applications · Statistics 2024-10-29 Xinyuan Chen , Michael O. Harhay , Guangyu Tong , Fan Li

We address causal estimation in semi-competing risks settings, where a non-terminal event may be precluded by one or more terminal events. We define a principal-stratification causal estimand for treatment effects on the non-terminal event,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Karina Gelis-Cadena , Michael Daniels , Juned Siddique

Intuitive human-machine interfaces may be developed using pattern classification to estimate executed human motions from electromyogram (EMG) signals generated during muscle contraction. The continual use of EMG-based interfaces gradually…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Seitaro Yoneda , Akira Furui

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) is a flexible machine learning algorithm capable of capturing nonlinearities between an outcome and covariates and interaction among covariates. We extend BART to a semiparametric regression…

Applications · Statistics 2018-06-13 Bret Zeldow , Vincent Lo Re , Jason Roy

Existing methods in estimating the mean outcome under a given dynamic treatment regime rely on intention-to-treat analyses which estimate the effect of following a certain dynamic treatment regime regardless of compliance behavior of…

Clinical trials involving novel immuno-oncology (IO) therapies frequently exhibit survival profiles which violate the proportional hazards assumption due to a delay in treatment effect, and in such settings, the survival curves in the two…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-02 Nicholas C. Henderson , Kijoeng Nam , Dai Feng

We introduce a semi-parametric Bayesian model for survival analysis. The model is centred on a parametric baseline hazard, and uses a Gaussian process to model variations away from it nonparametrically, as well as dependence on covariates.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-04 Tamara Fernández , Nicolás Rivera , Yee Whye Teh

Competing risk models are survival models with several events of interest acting in competition and whose occurrence is only observed for the event that occurs first in time. This paper presents a Bayesian approach to these models in which…

Palliative medicine is an interdisciplinary specialty focusing on improving quality of life (QOL) for patients with serious illness and their families. Palliative care programs are available or under development at over 80% of large US…

With an increasing focus on precision medicine in medical research, numerous studies have been conducted in recent years to clarify the relationship between treatment effects and patient characteristics. The treatment effects for patients…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-22 Ke Wan , Kensuke Tanioka , Toshio Shimokawa

An early phase clinical trial is the first step in evaluating the effects in humans of a potential new anti-disease agent or combination of agents. Usually called "phase I" or "phase I/II" trials, these experiments typically have the…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-12-01 Peter F. Thall