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Realistic models of biological processes typically involve interacting components on multiple scales, driven by changing environment and inherent stochasticity. Such models are often analytically and numerically intractable. We revisit a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-19 K. Bodova , E. Szep , N. H. Barton

By employing a path integral formulation, we obtain the entropy production rate for a system of active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUP) both in the presence and in the absence of thermal noise. The present treatment clarifies some…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-04 Lorenzo Caprini , Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi , Andrea Puglisi , Angelo Vulpiani

Optimal transport theory, originally developed in the 18th century for civil engineering, has since become a powerful optimization framework across disciplines, from generative AI to cell biology. In physics, it has recently been shown to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-02 Shingo Oikawa , Yohei Nakayama , Sosuke Ito , Takahiro Sagawa , Shoichi Toyabe

The realization of efficient micro-machines built from active matter requires precise thermodynamic control far from equilibrium. Despite theoretical progress, the focus on single-parameter driving, coupled with strict theoretical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-18 Luke K. Davis

The complete physical understanding of the optimization of the thermodynamic work still is an important open problem in stochastic thermodynamics. We address this issue using the Hamiltonian approach of linear response theory in finite time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-18 Pierre Nazé , Sebastian Deffner , Marcus V. S. Bonança

We evaluate the steady-state distribution and escape rate for an Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Particle (AOUP) using methods from the theory of large deviations. The calculation is carried out both for small and large memory times of the active…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-31 Eric Woillez , Yariv Kafri , Vivien Lecomte

Identifying the full entropy production of active particles is a challenging task. We introduce a microscopic, thermodynamically consistent model, which leads to active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck statistics in the continuum limit. Our minimal model…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-12-15 Jonas H. Fritz , Udo Seifert

In this letter we propose the use of physics techniques for entropy determination on constrained parameter optimization problems. The main feature of such techniques, the construction of an unbiased walk on energy space, suggests their use…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. R. Lima , M. Argollo de Menezes

We study microscopic engines that use a single active particle as their "working medium". Part of the energy required to drive the directed motion of the particle can be recovered as work, even at constant temperature. A wide class of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-20 Thomas Speck

The control of active colloidal particles via optical traps is a cornerstone for research of matter at the micron and nanometer scale. A central challenge in this domain is the derivation of optimal transport protocols that minimize the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-19 Utkarsh Maurya , Kavya Swaminathan , Ejaz Ashraf , Rajesh Singh

Optimal paths for the classical Onsager-Machlup function determining most probable paths between points on a manifold are only explicitly identified for specific processes, for example the Riemannian Brownian motion. This leaves out large…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Erlend Grong , Stefan Sommer

One of the main objectives of science is the recognition of a general pattern in a particular phenomenon in some particular regime. In this work, this is achieved with the analytical expression for the optimal protocol that minimizes the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-03 Pierre Nazé

Bayesian inference provides a principled way of estimating the parameters of a stochastic process that is observed discretely in time. The overdamped Brownian motion of a particle confined in an optical trap is generally modelled by the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-02-01 Sudipta Bera , Shuvojit Paul , Rajesh Singh , Dipanjan Ghosh , Avijit Kundu , Ayan Banerjee , R. Adhikari

Measurement and feedback allows an external agent to extract work from a system in contact with a single thermal bath. The maximum amount of work that can be extracted in a single measurement and the corresponding feedback loop is given by…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-01-19 L. Dinis , J. M. R. Parrondo

Collections of self-propelled particles that move persistently by continuously consuming free energy are a paradigmatic example of active matter. In these systems, unlike Brownian "hot colloids", the breakdown of detailed balance yields a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-09-12 Suraj Shankar , M. Cristina Marchetti

Run-and-tumble particles constitute one of the simplest models of self-propelled active matter, and provide an ideal playground to the understanding of out-of-equilibrium systems. We consider an idealized setup where one such particle is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-05 Marco Baldovin , Alessandro Manacorda

We derive the path-integral representation of the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process driven by Riemann-Liouville fractional Gaussian noise, for both the subdiffusive and superdiffusive regimes. We express the corresponding action, which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-02 Bing Miao , Gleb Oshanin , Luca Peliti

We study the behavior of a single spin in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field utilizing Glauber dynamics. We engineer the system to function as an engine by changing the magnetic field according to specific protocols.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-12-16 Rita Majumdar , Monojit Chatterjee , Rahul Marathe

The theory of quantum thermodynamics predicts fundamental bounds on work extraction from quantum states. As these bounds are derived in a very general and abstract setting, it is unclear how relevant they are in an experimental context,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-13 Niels Lörch , Christoph Bruder , Nicolas Brunner , Patrick P. Hofer

We experimentally realize protocols that allow to extract work beyond the free energy difference from a single electron transistor at the single thermodynamic trajectory level. With two carefully designed out-of-equilibrium driving cycles…