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Fluctuation theorems are a class of equalities that express universal properties of the probability distribution of a fluctuating path functional such as heat, work or entropy production over an ensemble of trajectories during a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-09 Lee Jinwoo

There has been an increasing interest in the quantification of nearly deterministic work extraction from a finite number of copies of microscopic particles in finite time. This paradigm, so called single-shot epsilon-deterministic work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Sina Salek , Karoline Wiesner

For thermostatted dissipative systems the Fluctuation Theorem gives an analytical expression for the ratio of probabilities that the time averaged entropy production in a finite system observed for a finite time, takes on a specified value…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Denis J. Evans , Debra J. Searles , Emil Mittag

We propose a method to evaluate general thermodynamic fluctuations in open quantum systems, based on performing a two-point measurement scheme on the system using dynamics-dependent thermodynamic observables. Our approach allows one to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Alessandra Colla , Andrea Smirne , Heinz-Peter Breuer , Bassano Vacchini

Two approaches to small-scale and quantum thermodynamics are fluctuation relations and one-shot statistical mechanics. Fluctuation relations (such as Crooks' Theorem and Jarzynski's Equality) relate nonequilibrium behaviors to equilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-09-16 Nicole Yunger Halpern , Andrew J. P. Garner , Oscar C. O. Dahlsten , Vlatko Vedral

We study the Fluctuation Theorem (FT) for entropy production in chaotic discrete-time dynamical systems on compact metric spaces, and extend it to empirical measures, all continuous potentials, and all weak Gibbs states. In particular, we…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Noé Cuneo , Vojkan Jakšić , Claude-Alain Pillet , Armen Shirikyan

Traditional quantum thermodynamic frameworks associate work to energy exchanges induced by unitary transformations generated by external controls, and heat to energy exchanges induced by bath interaction. Recently, a framework was…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Tiago F. F. Santos , Camille Latune

We reconsider a well-known relationship between the fluctuation theorem and the second law of thermodynamics by evaluating a probability measure-valued process. In order to establish a bridge between microscopic and macroscopic behaviors,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-19 Yuki Sughiyama , Masayuki Ohzeki

The Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory is an effective framework to describe transports and their fluctuations in classical out-of-equilibrium diffusive systems. Whether the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory may be extended to the quantum realm…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-11-05 Denis Bernard

We review the general aspects of the concept of temperature in equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Although temperature is an old and well-established notion, it still presents controversial facets. After a short…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-11-13 A. Puglisi , A. Sarracino , A. Vulpiani

We investigate the probability distribution of the quantum fluctuations of thermodynamic functions of finite, ballistic, phase-coherent Fermi gases. Depending on the chaotic or integrable nature of the underlying classical dynamics, on the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Leboeuf , A. G. Monastra

Based on the recently proposed framework of general relativistic stochastic mechanics [{\em J. Stat. Phys.}, 190:193, 2023; {\em J. Stat. Phys.}, 190:181, 2023] and stochastic thermodynamics [{\em SciPost Physics Core} 7, 082, 2024] at the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-05 Yifan Cai , Tao Wang , Liu Zhao

The fluctuation theorem is the fundamental equality in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that is used to derive many important thermodynamic relations, such as the second law of thermodynamics and the Jarzynski equality. Recently, the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-16 Yoshihiko Hasegawa , Tan Van Vu

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is a central result in statistical physics, both for classical and quantum systems. It establishes a relationship between the linear response of a system under a time-dependent perturbation and time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-28 Mohammad Mehboudi , Anna Sanpera , Juan M. R. Parrondo

Information spreads in time. For example, correlations dissipate when the correlated system locally couples to a third party, such as the environment. This simple but important fact forms the known quantum data-processing inequality. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Kun Zhang , Jin Wang

We study the statistics of work, dissipation, and entropy production of a quantum quasi-isothermal process, where the system remains close to the thermal equilibrium along the transformation. We derive a general analytic expression for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-01 Matteo Scandi , Harry J. D. Miller , Janet Anders , Marti Perarnau-Llobet

Employing the stochastic wave function method, we study quantum features of stochastic entropy production in nonequilibrium processes of open systems. It is demonstarted that continuous measurements on the environment introduce an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-16 B. Leggio , A. Napoli , A. Messina , H. -P. Breuer

Based on the observation that the thermodynamic equilibrium free energy of an open quantum system in contact with a thermal environment can be understood as the difference between the free energy of the total system and that of the bare…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-06-01 Michele Campisi , Peter Talkner , Peter Hänggi

We treat a quantum mechanical system with certain general properties which are expected to be common in macroscopic quantum systems. Starting from a PURE initial state (which may not describe an equilibrium) in which energy is mildly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hal Tasaki

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) are a set of inequalities expressing a fundamental trade-off between precision and dissipation in non-equilibrium classical and quantum thermodynamic processes. TURs show that achieving low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Mario Motta , Antonio Mezzacapo , Giacomo Guarnieri