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We describe an apparent puzzle in classical electrodynamics and its resolution. It is concerned with the Lorentz invariance of the classical analog of the number of photons.

Physics Education · Physics 2009-10-31 J. E. Avron , E. Berg , D. Goldsmith , A. Gordon

We develop an SU(2)-invariant approach to the depolarization of quantum systems as the effect of random unitary SU(2) transformations. From it we derive an SU(2)-invariant Markovian master equation. This is applied to several quantum states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-27 Ángel Rivas , Alfredo Luis

Matrix mutation of skew-symmetrizable matrices is foundational in cluster algebra theory. Effective mutation invariants are essential for determining whether two matrices lie in the same mutation class. Casals~\cite{Casals} introduced a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Min Huang , Qiling Ma

We consider a mirror symmetry between invertible weighted homogeneous polynomials in three variables. We define Dolgachev and Gabrielov numbers for them and show that we get a duality between these polynomials generalizing Arnold's strange…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Wolfgang Ebeling , Atsushi Takahashi

We introduce superequivalence and superuniform spaces.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-11-06 William H. Rowan

In this note, we prove that the invariant subalgebra of the (-1)-skew polynomial algebra under a permutation action is a graded isolated singularity, and thus a conjecture of Chan-Young-Zhang is true.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-03-01 Ruipeng Zhu

Solutions to the Markov equation appear in many mathematical contexts. We aim to build on the understanding of them by proving a recent conjecture about Markov polynomials; solutions to a generalised version of the Markov equation. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-21 Sam J. Evans

We establish the equivalence between exponential decay of the relative entropy along a quantum Markov semigroup and the modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality for general von Neumann algebras. We also extend an intertwining criterion for…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-06-27 Melchior Wirth

We give a characterization of generic pseudo-Anosov mapping classes purely in terms of their expressions in the shear coordinates, thus giving an answer to a problem raised by Papadopoulos--Penner [PP93]. This characterization has a cluster…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Tsukasa Ishibashi , Shunsuke Kano

In this paper we introduce generalised Markov numbers and extend the classical Markov theory for the discrete Markov spectrum to the case of generalised Markov numbers. In particular we show recursive properties for these numbers and find…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-07 Oleg Karpenkov , Matty van-Son

The aim of this paper is to provide Markov-type inequalities in the setting of weighted Sobolev spaces when the considered weights are generalized classical weights. Also, as results of independent interest, some basic facts about Sobolev…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-01-27 Francisco Marcellán , Yamilet Quintana , José M. Rodríguez

This article provides the second part of the research initiated in arXiv:2411.17381, where we introduced and investigated so called periodicity shadows, which are special skew-symmetric matrices related to symmetric algebras with periodic…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-05 Jerzy Białkowski , Adam Skowyrski

The classical theory of invariant means, which plays an important role in the theory of paradoxical decompositions, is based upon what are usually termed `pseudogroups'. Such pseudogroups are in fact concrete examples of the Boolean inverse…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Ganna Kudryavtseva , Mark V. Lawson , Daniel H. Lenz , Pedro Resende

Markov's equation x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 3xyz is a widely studied topic in number theory, and the structure of its solutions has profound connections with mathematical fields such as combinatorics, hyperbolic geometry, approximation theory, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Tianyi Tao , Bohan Yang

In the present paper, we give some examples of stochastic differential equations which have delicateness in the Markov and strong Markov properties, the uniqueness locally in time and globally in time, and initial conditions. Moreover, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-14 Seiichiro Kusuoka

The theory of ``Markov-up'' processes is being developed. This is a new class of stochastic processes with ``partial'' markovian features; it could also be called ``one-sided Markov''. Such a behavior may be found in the real world and in…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-01 D. O. Kalikaeva

We prove new results on the derivative of the Minkowski question mark function. Some of our theorems are non-improvable.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-04-01 Anna A. Dushistova , Igor D. Kan , Nikolai G. Moshchevitin

We study cohomology for classical Lie superalgebras $\mathfrak{g}$ (e.g. gl(m|n)) over the complex numbers. Using results from invariant theory, we show that there exist subsuperalgebras which detect the cohomology of $\mathfrak{g}.$…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Brian D. Boe , Jonathan R. Kujawa , Daniel K. Nakano

We introduce an object that has obvious similarity to the classical one - the algebra of supersymmetric polynomials. Despite the similarity, the known structure theorems on supersymmetric polynomials do not help in the study of the new…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2024-07-29 Grigory Chelnokov , Maxim Turevskii

Markov polynomials are the Laurent-polynomial solutions of the generalised Markov equation $$X^2 + Y^2 + Z^2 = kXYZ, \quad k=\frac{x^2 + y^2 + z^2}{x y z}$$ which are the results of cluster mutations applied to the initial triple $(x, y,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-08 S. J. Evans , A. P. Veselov , B. Winn