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Agents that are aware of the separation between themselves and their environments can leverage this understanding to form effective representations of visual input. We propose an approach for learning such structured representations for RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Kevin Gmelin , Shikhar Bahl , Russell Mendonca , Deepak Pathak

Most commodity software lacks accessible Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), requiring autonomous agents to interact solely through pixel-based Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this API-free setting, large language model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chenwei Tang , Lin Long , Xinyu Liu , Jingyu Xing , Zizhou Wang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Jiawei Du , Liangli Zhen , Jiancheng Lv

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

Simulation is a crucial component of any robotic system. In order to simulate correctly, we need to write complex rules of the environment: how dynamic agents behave, and how the actions of each of the agents affect the behavior of others.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Seung Wook Kim , Yuhao Zhou , Jonah Philion , Antonio Torralba , Sanja Fidler

As a pivotal component to attaining generalizable solutions in human intelligence, reasoning provides great potential for reinforcement learning (RL) agents' generalization towards varied goals by summarizing part-to-whole arguments and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Wenhao Ding , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be a powerful tool for training agents that excel in various games. However, the black-box nature of neural network models often hinders our ability to understand the reasoning behind the agent's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jingyuan Sha , Hikaru Shindo , Quentin Delfosse , Kristian Kersting , Devendra Singh Dhami

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) was introduced to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond their encoded prior knowledge. This is achieved by providing LLMs with an external source of knowledge, which helps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hazem Amamou , Stéphane Gagnon , Alan Davoust , Anderson R. Avila

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems empower large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, yet struggle with efficiency-accuracy trade-offs when scaling to large knowledge graphs. Existing approaches often rely on monolithic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ruiyi Yang , Hao Xue , Imran Razzak , Shirui Pan , Hakim Hacid , Flora D. Salim

Naive Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) focuses on individual documents during retrieval and, as a result, falls short in handling networked documents which are very popular in many applications such as citation graphs, social media, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zheng Zhang , Bo Pan , Chen Ling , Liang Zhao

Conditional text generation has been a challenging task that is yet to see human-level performance from state-of-the-art models. In this work, we specifically focus on the Commongen benchmark, wherein the aim is to generate a plausible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Yikang Li , Pulkit Goel , Varsha Kuppur Rajendra , Har Simrat Singh , Jonathan Francis , Kaixin Ma , Eric Nyberg , Alessandro Oltramari

External knowledge graphs (KGs) can be used to augment large language models (LLMs), while simultaneously providing an explainable knowledge base of facts that can be inspected by a human. This approach may be particularly valuable in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Steph Buongiorno , Corey Clark

Most approaches to deep reinforcement learning (DRL) attempt to solve a single task at a time. As a result, most existing research benchmarks consist of individual games or suites of games that have common interfaces but little overlap in…

Text adventure games, in which players must make sense of the world through text descriptions and declare actions through text descriptions, provide a stepping stone toward grounding action in language. Prior work has demonstrated that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Mark O. Riedl

Graph walking based on reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great success in navigating an agent to automatically complete various reasoning tasks over an incomplete knowledge graph (KG) by exploring multi-hop relational paths. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Denghui Zhang , Zixuan Yuan , Hao Liu , Xiaodong Lin , Hui Xiong

Multi-step agentic retrieval systems based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in complex information search tasks. However, these systems still face significant challenges in practical applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chuzhan Hao , Wenfeng Feng , Yuewei Zhang , Hao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown great promise in planning and reasoning applications. These tasks demand robust systems, which arguably require a causal understanding of the environment. While LLMs can acquire and reflect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 John Gkountouras , Matthias Lindemann , Phillip Lippe , Efstratios Gavves , Ivan Titov

Large language models (LLMs) can exhibit biases in reasoning capabilities due to linguistic modality, performing better on tasks in one language versus another, even with similar content. Most previous works evaluate this through reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 César Guerra-Solano , Zhuochun Li , Xiang Lorraine Li

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm that organizes external knowledge into structured graphs of entities and relations, enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jinyoung Park , Sanghyeok Lee , Omar Zia Khan , Hyunwoo J. Kim , Joo-Kyung Kim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in real-world decision-making across diverse domains, including gaming, robotics, online advertising, public health, and natural language processing. Despite these advances, a…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-23 Asim H. Gazi , Yongyi Guo , Daiqi Gao , Ziping Xu , Kelly W. Zhang , Susan A. Murphy

Recent research has turned to Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve challenging decision problems, as an alternative to hand-tuned heuristics. RL can learn good policies without the need for modeling the environment's dynamics. Despite this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Pouya Hamadanian , Malte Schwarzkopf , Siddartha Sen , Mohammad Alizadeh
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