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The worldwide commercialization of fifth generation (5G) wireless networks and the exciting possibilities offered by connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) are pushing toward the deployment of heterogeneous sensors for tracking dynamic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-03 Francesco Nardo , Davide Peressoni , Paolo Testolina , Marco Giordani , Andrea Zanella

LiDAR-based localization and mapping is one of the core components in many modern robotic systems due to the direct integration of range and geometry, allowing for precise motion estimation and generation of high quality maps in real-time.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Julian Nubert , Etienne Walther , Shehryar Khattak , Marco Hutter

Deep-learning-based autonomous driving (AD) perception introduces a promising picture for safe and environment-friendly transportation. However, the over-reliance on real labeled data in LiDAR perception limits the scale of on-road…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Runjian Chen , Wenqi Shao , Bo Zhang , Shaoshuai Shi , Li Jiang , Ping Luo

Large-scale LiDAR mappings and localization leverage place recognition techniques to mitigate odometry drifts, ensuring accurate mapping. These techniques utilize scene representations from LiDAR point clouds to identify previously visited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Raktim Gautam Goswami , Naman Patel , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami

LiDAR odometry and localization are two widely used and fundamental applications in robotic and autonomous driving systems. Although state-of-the-art (SOTA) systems achieve high accuracy on clean point clouds, their robustness to corrupted…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bo Yang , Tri Minh Triet Pham , Jinqiu Yang

Many LiDAR place recognition systems have been developed and tested specifically for urban driving scenarios. Their performance in natural environments such as forests and woodlands have been studied less closely. In this paper, we analyzed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Haedam Oh , Nived Chebrolu , Matias Mattamala , Leonard Freißmuth , Maurice Fallon

This paper is about 3D pose estimation on LiDAR scans with extremely minimal storage requirements to enable scalable mapping and localisation. We achieve this by clustering all points of segmented scans into semantic objects and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Georgi Pramatarov , Matthew Gadd , Paul Newman , Daniele De Martini

The trend towards autonomous driving and the continuous research in the automotive area, like Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), requires an accurate localization under all circumstances. An accurate estimation of the vehicle state…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-15 Eduardo Sánchez Morales , Michael Botsch , Bertold Huber , Andrés García Higuera

Consistent maps are key for most autonomous mobile robots, and they often use SLAM approaches to build such maps. Loop closures via place recognition help to maintain accurate pose estimates by mitigating global drift, and are thus key for…

LiDAR-based place recognition serves as a crucial enabler for long-term autonomy in robotics and autonomous driving systems. Yet, prevailing methodologies relying on handcrafted feature extraction face dual challenges: (1) Inconsistent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Xiaohui Jiang , Haijiang Zhu , Chade Li , Fulin Tang , Ning An

Most autonomous vehicles are equipped with LiDAR sensors and stereo cameras. The former is very accurate but generates sparse data, whereas the latter is dense, has rich texture and color information but difficult to extract robust 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Farzin Negahbani , Onur Berk Töre , Fatma Güney , Baris Akgun

Accurate depth-sensing plays a crucial role in securing a high success rate of robotic harvesting in natural orchard environments. Solid-state LiDAR (SSL), a recently introduced LiDAR technique, can perceive high-resolution geometric…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Hanwen Kang , Xing Wang , Chao Chen

Autonomous vehicles operate in a dynamic environment, where the speed with which a vehicle can perceive and react impacts the safety and efficacy of the system. LiDAR provides a prominent sensory modality that informs many existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Wei Han , Zhengdong Zhang , Benjamin Caine , Brandon Yang , Christoph Sprunk , Ouais Alsharif , Jiquan Ngiam , Vijay Vasudevan , Jonathon Shlens , Zhifeng Chen

LiDAR-based 3D sensors provide point clouds, a canonical 3D representation used in various scene understanding tasks. Modern LiDARs face key challenges in several real-world scenarios, such as long-distance or low-albedo objects, producing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Bhavya Goyal , Felipe Gutierrez-Barragan , Wei Lin , Andreas Velten , Yin Li , Mohit Gupta

3D object detection plays a fundamental role in enabling autonomous driving, which is regarded as the significant key to unlocking the bottleneck of contemporary transportation systems from the perspectives of safety, mobility, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Zhengwei Bai , Guoyuan Wu , Matthew J. Barth , Yongkang Liu , Emrah Akin Sisbot , Kentaro Oguchi

LiDAR-based localization serves as a critical component in autonomous systems, yet existing approaches face persistent challenges in balancing repeatability, accuracy, and environmental adaptability. Traditional point cloud registration…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoxuan Jiang , Peicong Qian , Yusen Xie , Xiaocong Li , Ming Liu , Jun Ma

This paper addresses the deployment of sensors for a 2-D barrier coverage system. The challenge is to compute near-optimal sensor placements for detecting targets whose trajectories follow a log-Gaussian Cox line process. We explore sensor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Mingyu Kim , Daniel J. Stilwell , Harun Yetkin , Jorge Jimenez

Semantic segmentation of 3D LiDAR point clouds is important in urban remote sensing for understanding real-world street environments. This task, by projecting LiDAR point clouds and 3D semantic labels as sparse maps, can be reformulated as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xiaoyu Dong , Tiankui Xian , Wanshui Gan , Naoto Yokoya

This work aims to address the challenges in autonomous driving by focusing on the 3D perception of the environment using roadside LiDARs. We design a 3D object detection model that can detect traffic participants in roadside LiDARs in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Walter Zimmer , Jialong Wu , Xingcheng Zhou , Alois C. Knoll

Autonomous mobility systems increasingly operate in dense and dynamic environments where perception occlusions, limited sensing coverage, and multi-agent interactions pose major challenges. While onboard sensors provide essential local…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yufeng Yang , Minghao Ning , Keqi Shu , Aladdin Saleh , Ehsan Hashemi , Amir Khajepour