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Large Language Model (LLM) applications are vulnerable to prompt injection and context manipulation attacks that traditional security models cannot prevent. We introduce two novel primitives--authenticated prompts and authenticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohan Rajagopalan , Vinay Rao

The kernel is the most safety- and security-critical component of many computer systems, as the most severe bugs lead to complete system crash or exploit. It is thus desirable to guarantee that a kernel is free from these bugs using formal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Olivier Nicole , Matthieu Lemerre , Sébastien Bardin , Xavier Rival

The objective of this paper is to develop a functional programming language for quantum computers. We develop a lambda calculus for the classical control model, following the first author's work on quantum flow-charts. We define a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-02-26 Peter Selinger , Benoit Valiron

Motivated by Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0, we introduce a framework for synthesizing Abstraction-Based Controller Design (ABCD) for reach-avoid problems from Natural Language (NL) specifications using Large Language Models (LLMs). A…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-30 Amir Bayat , Alessandro Abate , Necmiye Ozay , Raphael M. Jungers

Shallow embeddings that use monads to represent effects are popular in proof-oriented languages because they are convenient for formal verification. Once shallowly embedded programs are verified, they are often extracted to mainstream…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Cezar-Constantin Andrici , Abigail Pribisova , Danel Ahman , Catalin Hritcu , Exequiel Rivas , Théo Winterhalter

Memory corruption vulnerabilities are endemic to unsafe languages, such as C, and they can even be found in safe languages that themselves are implemented in unsafe languages or linked with libraries implemented in unsafe languages. Robust…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Ana Nora Evans

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversarially crafted prompts induce policy-violating responses despite safety alignment. Existing defenses typically improve safety through external filtering,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yulong Chen , Qi Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Yadong Liu , Mu Li , Jie Wen , Yong Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks and have been extensively utilized by the public. However, the increasing concerns regarding the misuse of LLMs, such as plagiarism and spamming, have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Ning Lu , Shengcai Liu , Rui He , Qi Wang , Yew-Soon Ong , Ke Tang

Secure compilation aims to build compilation chains that preserve security properties when translating programs from a source to a target language. Recent research led to the definition of secure compilation principles that, if met,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Matteo Busi , Pierpaolo Degano , Letterio Galletta

A program is characterized by its input model, and a formal input model can be of use in diverse areas including vulnerability analysis, reverse engineering, fuzzing and software testing, clone detection and refactoring. Unfortunately,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Rahul Gopinath , Björn Mathis , Andreas Zeller

The integration of Formal Verification tools with Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a path to scale software verification beyond manual workflows. However, current methods remain unreliable: without a solid theoretical footing, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 PIerre Dantas , Lucas Cordeiro , Youcheng Sun , Waldir Junior

A major challenge to deploying cyber-physical systems with learning-enabled controllers is to ensure their safety, especially in the face of changing environments that necessitate runtime knowledge acquisition. Model-checking and automated…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yao Feng , Jun Zhu , André Platzer , Jonathan Laurent

Harnessing the power of dependently typed languages can be difficult. Programmers must manually construct proofs to produce well-typed programs, which is not an easy task. In particular, migrating code to these languages is challenging.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Joseph Eremondi , Ronald Garcia , Éric Tanter

Cminor is a mid-level imperative programming language; there are proved-correct optimizing compilers from C to Cminor and from Cminor to machine language. We have redesigned Cminor so that it is suitable for Hoare Logic reasoning and we…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-07-31 Andrew W. Appel , Sandrine Blazy

Large language models (LLMs) employ safety mechanisms to prevent harmful outputs, yet these defenses primarily rely on semantic pattern matching. We show that encoding harmful prompts as coherent mathematical problems -- using formalisms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Haoyu Zhang , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

Abstracting Gradual Typing (AGT) is a systematic approach to designing gradually-typed languages. Languages developed using AGT automatically satisfy the formal semantic criteria for gradual languages identified by Siek et al. [2015].…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Felipe Bañados Schwerter , Alison M. Clark , Khurram A. Jafery , Ronald Garcia

Interactive theorem proving software is typically designed around a trusted proof-checking kernel, the sole system component capable of authenticating theorems. Untrusted automation procedures reside outside of the kernel, and drive it to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Dominic P. Mulligan , Nick Spinale

In the last decades much research effort has been devoted to extending the success of model checking from the traditional field of finite state machines and various versions of temporal logics to suitable subclasses of context-free…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Michele Chiari , Dino Mandrioli , Matteo Pradella

When programmers want to prove strong program invariants, they are usually faced with a choice between using theorem provers and using traditional programming languages. The former requires them to provide program proofs, which, for many…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-11-28 Jonathan Protzenko

Designing programming languages that enable intuitive and safe manipulation of data structures is a critical research challenge. Conventional destructive memory operations using pointers are complex and prone to errors. Existing type…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jin Sano , Naoki Yamamoto , Kazunori Ueda