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Independence analysis is an indispensable step before regression analysis to find out essential factors that influence the objects. With many applications in machine Learning, medical Learning and a variety of disciplines, statistical…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-08 Wenliang Pan , Yujue Li , Jianwu Liu , Pei Dang , Weixiong Mai

Randomness or mutual independence is a fundamental assumption forming the basis of statistical inference across disciplines such as economics, finance, and management. Consequently, validating this assumption is essential for the reliable…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-27 Shriya Gehlot , Arnab Kumar Laha

In 1948 Hoeffding devised a nonparametric test that detects dependence between two continuous random variables X and Y, based on the ranking of n paired samples (Xi,Yi). The computation of this commonly-used test statistic takes O(n log n)…

Computation · Statistics 2020-10-27 Chaim Even-Zohar

This paper proposes a nonparametric test of pairwise independence of one random variable from a large pool of other random variables. The test statistic is the maximum of several Chatterjee's rank correlations and critical values are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-17 Mauricio Olivares , Tomasz Olma , Daniel Wilhelm

We develop a unified framework for testing independence and quantifying association between random objects that are located in general metric spaces. Special cases include functional and high-dimensional data as well as networks, covariance…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Hang Zhou , Hans-Georg Müller

Understanding variable dependence, particularly eliciting their statistical properties given a set of covariates, provides the mathematical foundation in practical operations management such as risk analysis and decision-making given…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-06 Yunyun Wang , Tatsushi Oka , Dan Zhu

In this article, we consider the problem of testing the independence between two random variables. Our primary objective is to develop tests that are highly effective at detecting associations arising from explicit or implicit functional…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-21 Seetharaman P , Sagnik Das , Angshuman Roy

Conditional independence testing is a fundamental problem underlying causal discovery and a particularly challenging task in the presence of nonlinear and high-dimensional dependencies. Here a fully non-parametric test for continuous data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-06 Jakob Runge

We propose an independence test for random variables valued into metric spaces by using a test statistic obtained from appropriately centering and rescaling the squared Hilbert-Schmidt norm of the usual empirical estimator of normalized…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-11 Terence Kevin Manfoumbi Djonguet , Guy Martial Nkiet

In this paper, we are concerned with the independence test for $k$ high-dimensional sub-vectors of a normal vector, with fixed positive integer $k$. A natural high-dimensional extension of the classical sample correlation matrix, namely…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-10-21 Zhigang Bao , Jiang Hu , Guangming Pan , Wang Zhou

Out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses serious challenges in deployed machine learning models as even subtle changes could incur significant performance drops. Being able to estimate a model's performance on test data is important in practice…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Yuzhe Lu , Zhenlin Wang , Runtian Zhai , Soheil Kolouri , Joseph Campbell , Katia Sycara

Model-X approaches to testing conditional independence between a predictor and an outcome variable given a vector of covariates usually assume exact knowledge of the conditional distribution of the predictor given the covariates.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-10 Ziang Niu , Abhinav Chakraborty , Oliver Dukes , Eugene Katsevich

The conditional randomization test (CRT) was recently proposed to test whether two random variables X and Y are conditionally independent given random variables Z. The CRT assumes that the conditional distribution of X given Z is known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Shuai Li , Ziqi Chen , Hongtu Zhu , Christina Dan Wang , Wang Wen

In this paper we study multivariate ranks and quantiles, defined using the theory of optimal transport, and build on the work of Chernozhukov et al.(2017) and Hallin et al.(2021). We study the characterization, computation and properties of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-06 Promit Ghosal , Bodhisattva Sen

Conditional independence is a fundamental concept in many areas of statistical research, including, for example, sufficient dimension reduction, causal inference, and statistical graphical models. In many modern applications, data arise in…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Yin Tang , Bing Li

In this paper we propose a nonparametric graphical test based on optimal matching, for assessing the equality of multiple unknown multivariate probability distributions. Our procedure pools the data from the different classes to create a…

In this paper, we study distance covariance, Hilbert-Schmidt covariance (aka Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion [Gretton et al. (2008)]) and related independence tests under the high dimensional scenario. We show that the sample…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Changbo Zhu , Shun Yao , Xianyang Zhang , Xiaofeng Shao

Testing the independence between two random variables $x$ and $y$ is an important problem in statistics and machine learning, where the kernel-based tests of independence is focused to address the study of dependence recently. The advantage…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-04-14 Wen-Yu Hua , Philip Reiss , Debashis Ghosh

We develop a general framework for distribution-free predictive inference in regression, using conformal inference. The proposed methodology allows for the construction of a prediction band for the response variable using any estimator of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-09 Jing Lei , Max G'Sell , Alessandro Rinaldo , Ryan J. Tibshirani , Larry Wasserman

Over the last couple of decades, several copula based methods have been proposed in the literature to test for the independence among several random variables. But these existing tests are not invariant under monotone transformations of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Angshuman Roy , Anil Ghosh , Alok Goswami , C. A. Murthy