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CAPTCHA, originally designed to distinguish humans from robots, has evolved into a real-world benchmark for assessing the spatial reasoning capabilities of vision-language models. In this work, we first show that step-by-step reasoning is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Python Song , Luke Tenyi Chang , Yun-Yun Tsai , Penghui Li , Junfeng Yang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models represent a promising direction for developing general-purpose robotic systems, demonstrating the ability to combine visual understanding, language comprehension, and action generation. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Pranav Guruprasad , Harshvardhan Sikka , Jaewoo Song , Yangyue Wang , Paul Pu Liang

Despite remarkable progress toward general-purpose video models, a critical question remains unanswered: how far are these models from achieving true multimodal reasoning? Existing benchmarks fail to address this question rigorously, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xiaotian Zhang , Jianhui Wei , Yuan Wang , Jie Tan , Yichen Li , Yan Zhang , Ziyi Chen , Daoan Zhang , Dezhi YU , Wei Xu , Songtao Jiang , Zuozhu Liu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models mark a transformative advancement in artificial intelligence, aiming to unify perception, natural language understanding, and embodied action within a single computational framework. This foundational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Ranjan Sapkota , Yang Cao , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Creativity is an indispensable part of human cognition and also an inherent part of how we make sense of the world. Metaphorical abstraction is fundamental in communicating creative ideas through nuanced relationships between abstract…

Sight and hearing are two senses that play a vital role in human communication and scene understanding. To mimic human perception ability, audio-visual learning, aimed at developing computational approaches to learn from both audio and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Yake Wei , Di Hu , Yapeng Tian , Xuelong Li

Deploying multiple machine learning models on resource-constrained robotic platforms for different perception tasks often results in redundant computations, large memory footprints, and complex integration challenges. In response, this work…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jakub Łucki , Jonathan Becktor , Georgios Georgakis , Rob Royce , Shehryar Khattak

The core of video understanding tasks, such as recognition, captioning, and tracking, is to automatically detect objects or actions in a video and analyze their temporal evolution. Despite sharing a common goal, different tasks often rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Junke Wang , Dongdong Chen , Chong Luo , Bo He , Lu Yuan , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Visual grounding, localizing objects from natural language descriptions, represents a critical bridge between language and vision understanding. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve impressive scores on existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Rang Li , Lei Li , Shuhuai Ren , Hao Tian , Shuhao Gu , Shicheng Li , Zihao Yue , Yudong Wang , Wenhan Ma , Zhe Yang , Jingyuan Ma , Zhifang Sui , Fuli Luo

Visual grounding aims to align visual information of specific regions of images with corresponding natural language expressions. Current visual grounding methods leverage pre-trained visual and language backbones independently to obtain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Jiaxi Wang , Wenhui Hu , Xueyang Liu , Beihu Wu , Yuting Qiu , YingYing Cai

Achieving artificial visual reasoning - the ability to answer image-related questions which require a multi-step, high-level process - is an important step towards artificial general intelligence. This multi-modal task requires learning a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Ethan Perez , Harm de Vries , Florian Strub , Vincent Dumoulin , Aaron Courville

Understanding perspective is fundamental to human visual perception, yet the extent to which multimodal large language models (MLLMs) internalize perspective geometry remains unclear. We introduce MMPerspective, the first benchmark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yolo Y. Tang , Pinxin Liu , Zhangyun Tan , Mingqian Feng , Rui Mao , Chao Huang , Jing Bi , Yunzhong Xiao , Susan Liang , Hang Hua , Ali Vosoughi , Luchuan Song , Zeliang Zhang , Chenliang Xu

Learning from (procedural) videos has increasingly served as a pathway for embodied agents to acquire skills from human demonstrations. To do this, video understanding models must be able to obtain structured understandings, such as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zitian Tang , Rohan Myer Krishnan , Zhiqiu Yu , Chen Sun

The rapid evolution of Multi-modality Large Language Models (MLLMs) has catalyzed a shift in computer vision from specialized models to general-purpose foundation models. Nevertheless, there is still an inadequacy in assessing the abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Haoning Wu , Zicheng Zhang , Erli Zhang , Chaofeng Chen , Liang Liao , Annan Wang , Chunyi Li , Wenxiu Sun , Qiong Yan , Guangtao Zhai , Weisi Lin

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) struggle to reliably detect visual primitives in charts and align them with semantic representations, which severely limits their performance on complex visual reasoning. This lack of perceptual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Eunsoo Lee , Jeongwoo Lee , Minki Hong , Jangho Choi , Jihie Kim

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive progress in perceiving and describing visual environments. However, their ability to proactively reason and act based solely on visual inputs, without explicit textual prompts, remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Daoan Zhang , Pai Liu , Xiaofei Zhou , Yuan Ge , Guangchen Lan , Jing Bi , Christopher Brinton , Ehsan Hoque , Jiebo Luo

Visualization, a domain-specific yet widely used form of imagery, is an effective way to turn complex datasets into intuitive insights, and its value depends on whether data are faithfully represented, clearly communicated, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yupeng Xie , Zhiyang Zhang , Yifan Wu , Sirong Lu , Jiayi Zhang , Zhaoyang Yu , Jinlin Wang , Sirui Hong , Bang Liu , Chenglin Wu , Yuyu Luo

Real-world multimodal agents solve multi-step workflows grounded in visual evidence. For example, an agent can troubleshoot a device by linking a wiring photo to a schematic and validating the fix with online documentation, or plan a trip…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhaochen Su , Jincheng Gao , Hangyu Guo , Zhenhua Liu , Lueyang Zhang , Xinyu Geng , Shijue Huang , Peng Xia , Guanyu Jiang , Cheng Wang , Yue Zhang , Yi R. Fung , Junxian He

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at complex visual tasks such as VQA and chart understanding, yet recent work suggests they struggle with simple perceptual tests. We present an evaluation of vision-language models' capacity for nonlocal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shmuel Berman , Jia Deng

Real-world data visualization (DV) requires native environmental grounding, cross-platform evolution, and proactive intent alignment. Yet, existing benchmarks often suffer from code-sandbox confinement, single-language creation-only tasks,…