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Thermal management in 3D ICs is increasingly challenging due to higher power densities. Traditional PDE-solving-based methods, while accurate, are too slow for iterative design. Machine learning approaches like FNO provide faster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhen Huang , Hong Wang , Wenkai Yang , Muxi Tang , Depeng Xie , Ting-Jung Lin , Yu Zhang , Wei W. Xing , Lei He

In scientific and engineering applications, solving partial differential equations (PDEs) across various parameters and domains normally relies on resource-intensive numerical methods. Neural operators based on deep learning offered a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Zhiwei Zhao , Changqing Liu , Yingguang Li , Zhibin Chen , Xu Liu

Neural operators have emerged as a powerful data-driven paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), while their accuracy and scalability are still limited, particularly on irregular domains where fluid flows exhibit rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Qinxuan Wang , Chuang Wang , Mingyu Zhang , Jingwei Sun , Peipei Yang , Shuo Tang , Shiming Xiang

Neural operators approximate PDE solution maps, but they need not respect the symmetries of the governing equation. In out-of-distribution (OOD) regimes, a standard neural operator must often learn coordinate alignment and physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiaxiao Xu , Changhong Mou , Yeyu Zhang , Fengxiang He

Fourier neural operators (FNOs) are invariant with respect to the size of input images, and thus images with any size can be fed into FNO-based frameworks without any modification of network architectures, in contrast to traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Ali Kashefi , Tapan Mukerji

This paper presents a method for modeling transient fluid flow in subsurface reservoir systems based on the developed neural operator architecture (TFNO-opt). Reservoir systems are complex dynamic objects with distributed parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Daniil D. Sirota , Sergey A. Khan , Sergey L. Kostikov , Kirill A. Butov

Efficient and accurate time-domain simulation of electromagnetic fields in complex photonic devices is critical for designing broadband and ultrafast optical components, yet it is often limited by the high computational cost of conventional…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-05 Zaifan Wu , Yue You , Xian Zhou , Fan Zhang

A large class of inverse problems for PDEs are only well-defined as mappings from operators to functions. Existing operator learning frameworks map functions to functions and need to be modified to learn inverse maps from data. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Roberto Molinaro , Yunan Yang , Björn Engquist , Siddhartha Mishra

Accurate modeling of spatiotemporal dynamics is crucial to understanding complex phenomena across science and engineering. However, this task faces a fundamental challenge when the governing equations are unknown and observational data are…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Rui Zhang , Han Wan , Yang Liu , Hao Sun

Solving complex fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems, characterized by nonlinear partial differential equations, is crucial in various scientific and engineering applications. Traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers are…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-01-05 Wang Xiao , Ting Gao , Kai Liu , Jinqiao Duan , Meng Zhao

Neural networks have emerged as promising tools for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), particularly through the application of neural operators. Training neural operators typically requires a large amount of training data to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Chaoyu Liu , Chris Budd , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Neural operators have emerged as powerful tools for learning solution operators of partial differential equations. However, in time-dependent problems, standard training strategies such as teacher forcing introduce a mismatch between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zaijun Ye , Chen-Song Zhang , Wansheng Wang

Multiscale problems are ubiquitous in physics. Numerical simulations of such problems by solving partial differential equations (PDEs) at high resolution are computationally too expensive for many-query scenarios, such as uncertainty…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Hamidreza Eivazi , Jendrik-Alexander Tröger , Stefan Wittek , Stefan Hartmann , Andreas Rausch

Global urbanization has underscored the significance of urban microclimates for human comfort, health, and building/urban energy efficiency. They profoundly influence building design and urban planning as major environmental impacts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Wenhui Peng , Shaoxiang Qin , Senwen Yang , Jianchun Wang , Xue Liu , Liangzhu Leon Wang

Predicting the evolution of complex systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) remains challenging, especially for nonlinear, chaotic behaviors. This study introduces Koopman-inspired Fourier Neural Operators (kFNO) and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-12-12 Rixin Yu , Marco Herbert , Markus Klein , Erdzan Hodzic

We study learning weak solutions to nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations (H-PDE), which have been difficult to learn due to discontinuities in their solutions. We use a physics-informed variant of the Fourier Neural Operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Bilal Thonnam Thodi , Sai Venkata Ramana Ambadipudi , Saif Eddin Jabari

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows great potential to reduce the huge cost of solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, it is not fully realized in practice as neural networks are defined and trained on fixed domains and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hongyu Li , Ximeng Ye , Peng Jiang , Guoliang Qin , Tiejun Wang

Accurate and efficient solutions of spatiotemporal partial differential equations (PDEs), such as phase-field models, are fundamental for understanding interfacial dynamics and microstructural evolution in materials science and fluid…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Mostafa Bamdad , Mohammad Sadegh Eshaghi , Cosmin Anitescu , Navid Valizadeh , Timon Rabczuk

Neural operators effectively solve PDE problems from data without knowing the explicit equations, which learn the map from the input sequences of observed samples to the predicted values. Most existing works build the model in the original…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Tian Wang , Chuang Wang

A Fourier neural operator (FNO) is one of the physics-inspired machine learning methods. In particular, it is a neural operator. In recent times, several types of neural operators have been developed, e.g., deep operator networks, Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Taeyoung Kim , Myungjoo Kang