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In this report, we present qualitative analysis of Monte Carlo (MC) dropout method for measuring model uncertainty in neural network (NN) models. We first consider the sources of uncertainty in NNs, and briefly review Bayesian Neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-06 Ronald Seoh

Reliable uncertainty estimation is crucial for machine learning models, especially in safety-critical domains. While exact Bayesian inference offers a principled approach, it is often computationally infeasible for deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Aslak Djupskås , Alexander Johannes Stasik , Signe Riemer-Sørensen

Uncertainty quantification in a neural network is one of the most discussed topics for safety-critical applications. Though Neural Networks (NNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance for many applications, they still provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Mehedi Hasan , Abbas Khosravi , Ibrahim Hossain , Ashikur Rahman , Saeid Nahavandi

In this paper, we use a variance-based genetic ensemble (VGE) of Neural Networks (NNs) to detect anomalies in the satellite's historical data. We use an efficient ensemble of the predictions from multiple Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Mohammad Amin Maleki Sadr , Yeying Zhu , Peng Hu

Deep neural networks (NNs) are known for their high-prediction performances. However, NNs are prone to yield unreliable predictions when encountering completely new situations without indicating their uncertainty. Bayesian variants of NNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Kai Brach , Beate Sick , Oliver Dürr

Traditional neural networks provide deterministic predictions without inherent uncertainty estimates. While Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) offer a principled approach to uncertainty quantification, their computational complexity limits…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-25 Rouaa Hoblos , Noura Dridi , Noureddine Zerhouni , Zeina Al Masry

Missing instances in time series data impose a significant challenge to deep learning models, particularly in regression tasks. In the Earth Observation field, satellite failure or cloud occlusion frequently results in missing time-steps,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Miro Miranda , Francisco Mena , Andreas Dengel

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained attention as models of sparse and event-driven communication of biological neurons, and as such have shown increasing promise for energy-efficient applications in neuromorphic hardware. As with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Tao Sun , Bojian Yin , Sander Bohte

Uncertainty estimation in Neural Networks (NNs) is vital in improving reliability and confidence in predictions, particularly in safety-critical applications. Bayesian Neural Networks (BayNNs) with Dropout as an approximation offer a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Soyed Tuhin Ahmed , Kamal Danouchi , Michael Hefenbrock , Guillaume Prenat , Lorena Anghel , Mehdi B. Tahoori

Monte Carlo dropout may effectively capture model uncertainty in deep learning, where a measure of uncertainty is obtained by using multiple instances of dropout at test time. However, Monte Carlo dropout is applied across the whole network…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-03 Liangping Ma , John Kaewell

The Monte Carlo dropout method has proved to be a scalable and easy-to-use approach for estimating the uncertainty of deep neural network predictions. This approach was recently applied to Fault Detection and Di-agnosis (FDD) applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Baihong Jin , Yingshui Tan , Yuxin Chen , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

Time series data are often corrupted by outliers or other kinds of anomalies. Identifying the anomalous points can be a goal on its own (anomaly detection), or a means to improving performance of other time series tasks (e.g. forecasting).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 François-Xavier Aubet , Daniel Zügner , Jan Gasthaus

Monte Carlo (MC) dropout is one of the state-of-the-art approaches for uncertainty estimation in neural networks (NNs). It has been interpreted as approximately performing Bayesian inference. Based on previous work on the approximation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Joachim Sicking , Maram Akila , Tim Wirtz , Sebastian Houben , Asja Fischer

Bayesian Neural Networks (BNN) have recently emerged in the Deep Learning world for dealing with uncertainty estimation in classification tasks, and are used in many application domains such as astrophysics, autonomous driving...BNN assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Claire Theobald , Frédéric Pennerath , Brieuc Conan-Guez , Miguel Couceiro , Amedeo Napoli

The examination of uncertainty in the predictions of machine learning (ML) models is receiving increasing attention. One uncertainty modeling technique used for this purpose is Monte-Carlo (MC)-Dropout, where repeated predictions are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Florian Heidecker , Ahmad El-Khateeb , Bernhard Sick

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known for their high prediction performance, especially in perceptual tasks such as object recognition or autonomous driving. Still, DNNs are prone to yield unreliable predictions when encountering completely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Kai Brach , Beate Sick , Oliver Dürr

We present a novel approach using neural networks to recover X-ray spectral model parameters and quantify uncertainties, balancing accuracy and computational efficiency against traditional frequentist and Bayesian methods. Frequentist…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-09 A. Tutone , A. Anitra , E. Ambrosi , R. La Placa , A. D'Aì , C. Pinto , M. Del Santo , F. Pintore , A. Pagliaro , A. Anzalone , T. Di Salvo , R. Iaria , L. Burderi , A. Sanna

Knowing the uncertainty associated with the output of a deep neural network is of paramount importance in making trustworthy decisions, particularly in high-stakes fields like medical diagnosis and autonomous systems. Monte Carlo Dropout…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Hamzeh Asgharnezhad , Afshar Shamsi , Roohallah Alizadehsani , Arash Mohammadi , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny

Estimating predictive uncertainty is crucial for many computer vision tasks, from image classification to autonomous driving systems. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) is an sampling method for performing Bayesian inference. On the other hand,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Diego Vergara , Sergio Hernández , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Felipe Jorquera

Monte-Carlo (MC) Dropout provides a practical solution for estimating predictive distributions in deterministic neural networks. Traditional dropout, applied within the signal space, may fail to account for frequency-related noise common in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Tal Zeevi , Lawrence H. Staib , John A. Onofrey
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