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Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) provide principled uncertainty quantification but suffer from substantial computational and memory overhead compared to deterministic networks. While quantization techniques have successfully reduced resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hendrik Borras , Yong Wu , Bernhard Klein , Holger Fröning

As soon as abstract mathematical computations were adapted to computation on digital computers, the problem of efficient representation, manipulation, and communication of the numerical values in those computations arose. Strongly related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Amir Gholami , Sehoon Kim , Zhen Dong , Zhewei Yao , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer

Quantization of the weights and activations is one of the main methods to reduce the computational footprint of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training. Current methods enable 4-bit quantization of the forward phase. However, this constitutes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Brian Chmiel , Ron Banner , Elad Hoffer , Hilla Ben Yaacov , Daniel Soudry

Quantization of Deep Neural Network (DNN) activations is a commonly used technique to reduce compute and memory demands during DNN inference, which can be particularly beneficial on resource-constrained devices. To achieve high accuracy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Wenhao Hu , Paul Henderson , José Cano

Knowledge distillation which learns a lightweight student model by distilling knowledge from a cumbersome teacher model is an attractive approach for learning compact deep neural networks (DNNs). Recent works further improve student network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Cuong Pham , Tuan Hoang , Thanh-Toan Do

In this short note, we propose a new method for quantizing the weights of a fully trained neural network. A simple deterministic pre-processing step allows us to quantize network layers via memoryless scalar quantization while preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Johannes Maly , Rayan Saab

This paper proposes Quantizable DNNs, a special type of DNNs that can flexibly quantize its bit-width (denoted as `bit modes' thereafter) during execution without further re-training. To simultaneously optimize for all bit modes, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Kunyuan Du , Ya Zhang , Haibing Guan

Quantization of weights and activations in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a powerful technique for network compression, and has enjoyed significant attention and success. However, much of the inference-time benefit of quantization is…

Performance · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Andrew Anderson , David Gregg

Recently, the number of parameters in DNNs has explosively increased, as exemplified by LLMs (Large Language Models), making inference on small-scale computers more difficult. Model compression technology is, therefore, essential for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yoshihide Sawada , Ryuji Saiin , Kazuma Suetake

We present an overview of techniques for quantizing convolutional neural networks for inference with integer weights and activations. Per-channel quantization of weights and per-layer quantization of activations to 8-bits of precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Raghuraman Krishnamoorthi

Recent machine learning methods use increasingly large deep neural networks to achieve state of the art results in various tasks. The gains in performance come at the cost of a substantial increase in computation and storage requirements.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Yoni Choukroun , Eli Kravchik , Fan Yang , Pavel Kisilev

Deep neural network (DNN) quantization for fast, efficient inference has been an important tool in limiting the cost of machine learning (ML) model inference. Quantization-specific model development techniques such as regularization,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Stone Yun , Alexander Wong

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) are often used to improve network efficiency during the inference phase, i.e. after the network has been trained. Extensive research in the field suggests many different quantization schemes. Still, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Ron Banner , Itay Hubara , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) has become the most promising method for object recognition, repeatedly demonstrating record breaking results for image classification and object detection in recent years. However, a very deep CNN…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-12-22 Yunchao Gong , Liu Liu , Ming Yang , Lubomir Bourdev

Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. In order to reduce this cost, several quantization schemes have gained attention recently with some focusing on weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-19 Jungwook Choi , Pierce I-Jen Chuang , Zhuo Wang , Swagath Venkataramani , Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan , Kailash Gopalakrishnan

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) rapidly advance in various fields, including speech verification, they typically involve high computational costs and substantial memory consumption, which can be challenging to manage on mobile systems.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-15 Yeona Hong , Woo-Jin Chung , Hong-Goo Kang

The remarkable success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in various applications is accompanied by a significant increase in network parameters and arithmetic operations. Such increases in memory and computational demands make deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Daniel Becking , Maximilian Dreyer , Wojciech Samek , Karsten Müller , Sebastian Lapuschkin

Deep neural networks have been proven effective in a wide range of tasks. However, their high computational and memory costs make them impractical to deploy on resource-constrained devices. To address this issue, quantization schemes have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Jie Hu , Mengze Zeng , Enhua Wu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) offer the highest performance in a wide range of applications in computer vision. These results rely on over-parameterized backbones, which are expensive to run. This computational burden can be dramatically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly

Deep learning as a means to inferencing has proliferated thanks to its versatility and ability to approach or exceed human-level accuracy. These computational models have seemingly insatiable appetites for computational resources not only…