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In today's digital world, seeking answers to health questions on the Internet is a common practice. However, existing question answering (QA) systems often rely on using pre-selected and annotated evidence documents, thus making them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes

Despite large successes of recent language models on diverse tasks, they suffer from severe performance degeneration in low-resource settings with limited training data available. Many existing works tackle this problem by generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Minju Seo , Jinheon Baek , James Thorne , Sung Ju Hwang

Scarcity of training data for task-oriented dialogue systems is a well known problem that is usually tackled with costly and time-consuming manual data annotation. An alternative solution is to rely on automatic text generation which,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Stéphane d'Ascoli , Alice Coucke , Francesco Caltagirone , Alexandre Caulier , Marc Lelarge

Domain-specific languages that use a lot of specific terminology often fall into the category of low-resource languages. Collecting test datasets in a narrow domain is time-consuming and requires skilled human resources with domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Anastasia Zhukova , Christian E. Matt , Bela Gipp

State-of-the-art keyphrase generation methods generally depend on large annotated datasets, limiting their performance in domains with limited annotated data. To overcome this challenge, we design a data-oriented approach that first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Di Wu , Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Sunipa Dev , Kai-Wei Chang

Crowdsourcing platforms offer a practical solution to the problem of affordably annotating large datasets for training supervised classifiers. Unfortunately, poor worker performance frequently threatens to compromise annotation reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Liyue Zhao , Yu Zhang , Gita Sukthankar

Machine learning models excel with abundant annotated data, but annotation is often costly and time-intensive. Active learning (AL) aims to improve the performance-to-annotation ratio by using query methods (QMs) to iteratively select the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hannes Kath , Thiago S. Gouvêa , Daniel Sonntag

Manually labeled corpora are expensive to create and often not available for low-resource languages or domains. Automatic labeling approaches are an alternative way to obtain labeled data in a quicker and cheaper way. However, these labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Michael A. Hedderich , Dietrich Klakow

Neural natural language generation (NLG) and understanding (NLU) models are data-hungry and require massive amounts of annotated data to be competitive. Recent frameworks address this bottleneck with generative models that synthesize weak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Ernie Chang , Vera Demberg , Alex Marin

While deep learning is a powerful tool for natural language processing (NLP) problems, successful solutions to these problems rely heavily on large amounts of annotated samples. However, manually annotating data is expensive and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Rishi Hazra , Parag Dutta , Shubham Gupta , Mohammed Abdul Qaathir , Ambedkar Dukkipati

How retrieved documents are used in language models (LMs) for long-form generation task is understudied. We present two controlled studies on retrieval-augmented LM for long-form question answering (LFQA): one fixing the LM and varying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hung-Ting Chen , Fangyuan Xu , Shane Arora , Eunsol Choi

Coupled with the availability of large scale datasets, deep learning architectures have enabled rapid progress on the Question Answering task. However, most of those datasets are in English, and the performances of state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Arij Riabi , Thomas Scialom , Rachel Keraron , Benoît Sagot , Djamé Seddah , Jacopo Staiano

Video action understanding tasks in real-world scenarios always suffer data limitations. In this paper, we address the data-limited action understanding problem by bridging data scarcity. We propose a novel method that employs a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Wei Li , Dezhao Luo , Dongbao Yang , Zhenhang Li , Weiping Wang , Yu Zhou

Automatic question generation (AQG) has broad applicability in domains such as tutoring systems, conversational agents, healthcare literacy, and information retrieval. Existing efforts at AQG have been limited to short answer lengths of up…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Shlok Kumar Mishra , Pranav Goel , Abhishek Sharma , Abhyuday Jagannatha , David Jacobs , Hal Daumé

Many complex discourse-level tasks can aid domain experts in their work but require costly expert annotations for data creation. To speed up and ease annotations, we investigate the viability of automatically generated annotation…

Few-shot question answering (QA) aims at precisely discovering answers to a set of questions from context passages while only a few training samples are available. Although existing studies have made some progress and can usually achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Xiusi Chen , Yu Zhang , Jinliang Deng , Jyun-Yu Jiang , Wei Wang

Training models dedicated to semantic segmentation requires a large amount of pixel-wise annotated data. Due to their costly nature, these annotations might not be available for the task at hand. To alleviate this problem, unsupervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Fei Pan , Francois Rameau , Junsik Kim , In So Kweon

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to generalize to new information by decoupling reasoning capabilities from static knowledge bases. Traditional RAG enhancements have explored vertical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Michael Iannelli , Sneha Kuchipudi , Vera Dvorak

Data availability is a bottleneck during early stages of development of new capabilities for intelligent artificial agents. We investigate the use of text generation techniques to augment the training data of a popular commercial artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Nikolaos Malandrakis , Minmin Shen , Anuj Goyal , Shuyang Gao , Abhishek Sethi , Angeliki Metallinou

Recent investigations into effective context lengths of modern flagship large language models (LLMs) have revealed major limitations in effective question answering (QA) and reasoning over long and complex contexts for even the largest and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anwesan Pal , Karen Hovsepian , Tinghao Guo , Mengnan Zhao , Somendra Tripathi , Nikos Kanakaris , George Mihaila , Sumit Nigam
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