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Predictive process analytics focuses on predicting the future states of running instances of a business process. While advanced machine learning techniques have been used to increase accuracy of predictions, the resulting predictive models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta

While SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) and other feature attribution methods are commonly employed to explain model predictions, their application within information retrieval (IR), particularly for complex outputs such as ranked lists,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Maria Heuss , Maarten de Rijke , Avishek Anand

Trust and credibility in machine learning models is bolstered by the ability of a model to explain itsdecisions. While explainability of deep learning models is a well-known challenge, a further chal-lenge is clarity of the explanation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-30 hsan Ullah , Andre Rios , Vaibhav Gala , Susan Mckeever

Despite a sea of interpretability methods that can produce plausible explanations, the field has also empirically seen many failure cases of such methods. In light of these results, it remains unclear for practitioners how to use these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Blair Bilodeau , Natasha Jaques , Pang Wei Koh , Been Kim

SHAP is a popular approach to explain black-box models by revealing the importance of individual features. As it ignores feature interactions, SHAP explanations can be confusing up to misleading. NSHAP, on the other hand, reports the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Sascha Xu , Joscha Cüppers , Jilles Vreeken

Post-hoc explainability methods aim to clarify predictions of black-box machine learning models. However, it is still largely unclear how well users comprehend the provided explanations and whether these increase the users ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Anahid Jalali , Bernhard Haslhofer , Simone Kriglstein , Andreas Rauber

Among explainability techniques, SHAP stands out as one of the most popular, but often overlooks the causal structure of the problem. In response, do-SHAP employs interventional queries, but its reliance on estimands hinders its practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Álvaro Parafita , Tomas Garriga , Axel Brando , Francisco J. Cazorla

The overarching goal of Explainable AI is to develop systems that not only exhibit intelligent behaviours, but also are able to explain their rationale and reveal insights. In explainable machine learning, methods that produce a high level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Xiuyi Fan , Siyuan Liu , Thomas C. Henderson

Despite outstanding contribution to the significant progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI), deep learning models remain mostly black boxes, which are extremely weak in explainability of the reasoning process and prediction results.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Sheng Shi , Xinfeng Zhang , Wei Fan

SHAP explanations are a popular feature-attribution mechanism for explainable AI. They use game-theoretic notions to measure the influence of individual features on the prediction of a machine learning model. Despite a lot of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Guy Van den Broeck , Anton Lykov , Maximilian Schleich , Dan Suciu

Local feature attribution methods are increasingly used to explain complex machine learning models. However, current methods are limited because they are extremely expensive to compute or are not capable of explaining a distributed series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Hugh Chen , Scott M. Lundberg , Su-In Lee

The financial industry faces a significant challenge modeling and risk portfolios: balancing the predictability of advanced machine learning models, neural network models, and explainability required by regulatory entities (such as Office…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rongbin Ye , Jiaqi Chen

Post hoc explanation methods, such as LIME and SHAP, provide interpretable insights into black-box classifiers and are increasingly used to assess model biases and generalizability. However, these methods are vulnerable to adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Sam Chauhan , Estelle Duguet , Karthik Ramakrishnan , Hugh Van Deventer , Jack Kruger , Ranjan Subbaraman

Deep Neural Networks have often been called the black box because of the complex, deep architecture and non-transparency presented by the inner layers. There is a lack of trust to use Artificial Intelligence in critical and high-precision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Frincy Clement , Ji Yang , Irene Cheng

Neural networks have greatly boosted performance in computer vision by learning powerful representations of input data. The drawback of end-to-end training for maximal overall performance are black-box models whose hidden representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Patrick Esser , Robin Rombach , Björn Ommer

Existing feature attribution methods like SHAP often suffer from global dependence, failing to capture true local model behavior. This paper introduces VARSHAP, a novel model-agnostic local feature attribution method which uses the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mateusz Gajewski , Mikołaj Morzy , Adam Karczmarz , Piotr Sankowski

LIME is a popular approach for explaining a black-box prediction through an interpretable model that is trained on instances in the vicinity of the predicted instance. To generate these instances, LIME randomly selects a subset of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-01 Amir Hossein Akhavan Rahnama , Henrik Boström

Understanding why machine learning models behave the way they do empowers both system designers and end-users in many ways: in model selection, feature engineering, in order to trust and act upon the predictions, and in more intuitive user…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Marco Tulio Ribeiro , Sameer Singh , Carlos Guestrin

Current methods for Black-Box NLP interpretability, like LIME or SHAP, are based on altering the text to interpret by removing words and modeling the Black-Box response. In this paper, we outline limitations of this approach when using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Yves Rychener , Xavier Renard , Djamé Seddah , Pascal Frossard , Marcin Detyniecki

We present an approach to explain the decisions of black box models for image classification. While using the black box to label images, our explanation method exploits the latent feature space learned through an adversarial autoencoder.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Riccardo Guidotti , Anna Monreale , Stan Matwin , Dino Pedreschi