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In the past few years, time series foundation models have achieved superior predicting accuracy. However, real-world time series often exhibit significant diversity in their temporal patterns across different time spans and domains, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aobo Liang , Yan Sun , Xiaohou Shi , Ke Li

Research on long-term time series prediction has primarily relied on Transformer and MLP models, while the potential of convolutional networks in this domain remains underexplored. To address this, we propose a novel multi-scale time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Chenghan Li , Mingchen Li , Yipu Liao , Ruisheng Diao

Transformer-based methods have achieved impressive results in time series forecasting. However, existing Transformers still exhibit limitations in sequence modeling as they tend to overemphasize temporal dependencies. This incurs additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Tan Wang , Yun Wei Dong , Qi Wang

Transformers have achieved superior performances in many tasks in natural language processing and computer vision, which also triggered great interest in the time series community. Among multiple advantages of Transformers, the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Qingsong Wen , Tian Zhou , Chaoli Zhang , Weiqi Chen , Ziqing Ma , Junchi Yan , Liang Sun

Long-short range time series forecasting is essential for predicting future trends and patterns over extended periods. While deep learning models such as Transformers have made significant strides in advancing time series forecasting, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Wenqing Zhang , Junming Huang , Ruotong Wang , Changsong Wei , Wenqian Huang , Yuxin Qiao

Transformer is a new kind of neural architecture which encodes the input data as powerful features via the attention mechanism. Basically, the visual transformers first divide the input images into several local patches and then calculate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Kai Han , An Xiao , Enhua Wu , Jianyuan Guo , Chunjing Xu , Yunhe Wang

Recently, multivariate time series forecasting tasks have garnered increasing attention due to their significant practical applications, leading to the emergence of various deep forecasting models. However, real-world time series exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jiaxi Hu , Qingsong Wen , Sijie Ruan , Li Liu , Yuxuan Liang

Although Transformers excel in natural language processing, their extension to time series forecasting remains challenging due to insufficient consideration of the differences between textual and temporal modalities. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhipeng Liu , Peibo Duan , Xuan Tang , Baixin Li , Yongsheng Huang , Mingyang Geng , Changsheng Zhang , Bin Zhang , Binwu Wang

Multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) is a fundamental problem in numerous real-world applications. Recently, Transformer has become the de facto solution for MTSF, especially for the long-term cases. However, except for the one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Zanwei Zhou , Ruizhe Zhong , Chen Yang , Yan Wang , Xiaokang Yang , Wei Shen

Transformers have become state-of-the-art (SOTA) for time-series classification, with models like PatchTST demonstrating exceptional performance. These models rely on patching the time series and learning relationships between raw temporal…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Huseyin Goksu

A reliable long-term time-series forecaster is highly demanded in practice but comes across many challenges such as low computational and memory footprints as well as robustness against dynamic learning environments. This paper proposes…

The self-attention mechanism in Transformer architecture, invariant to sequence order, necessitates positional embeddings to encode temporal order in time series prediction. We argue that this reliance on positional embeddings restricts the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yongbo Yu , Weizhong Yu , Feiping Nie , Xuelong Li

Multi-horizon forecasting problems often contain a complex mix of inputs -- including static (i.e. time-invariant) covariates, known future inputs, and other exogenous time series that are only observed historically -- without any prior…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-29 Bryan Lim , Sercan O. Arik , Nicolas Loeff , Tomas Pfister

Time Series Forecasting (TSF) is used to predict the target variables at a future time point based on the learning from previous time points. To keep the problem tractable, learning methods use data from a fixed length window in the past as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Jimeng Shi , Mahek Jain , Giri Narasimhan

We present a conformal prediction method for time series using the Transformer architecture to capture long-memory and long-range dependencies. Specifically, we use the Transformer decoder as a conditional quantile estimator to predict the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Junghwan Lee , Chen Xu , Yao Xie

Many real-world applications require the prediction of long sequence time-series, such as electricity consumption planning. Long sequence time-series forecasting (LSTF) demands a high prediction capacity of the model, which is the ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Haoyi Zhou , Shanghang Zhang , Jieqi Peng , Shuai Zhang , Jianxin Li , Hui Xiong , Wancai Zhang

Transformer-based time series foundation models face a fundamental trade-off in choice of tokenization: point-wise embeddings preserve temporal fidelity but scale poorly with sequence length, whereas fixed-length patching improves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sravan Kumar Ankireddy , Nikita Seleznev , Nam H. Nguyen , Yulun Wu , Senthil Kumar , Furong Huang , C. Bayan Bruss

Transformers have shown great power in time series forecasting due to their global-range modeling ability. However, their performance can degenerate terribly on non-stationary real-world data in which the joint distribution changes over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yong Liu , Haixu Wu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

In recent years, numerous Transformer-based models have been applied to long-term time-series forecasting (LTSF) tasks. However, recent studies with linear models have questioned their effectiveness, demonstrating that simple linear layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jiaheng Yin , Zhengxin Shi , Jianshen Zhang , Xiaomin Lin , Yulin Huang , Yongzhi Qi , Wei Qi

In recent times, Large Language Models (LLMs) have captured a global spotlight and revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing. One of the factors attributed to the effectiveness of LLMs is the model architecture used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Oluwaseyi Ogunfowora , Homayoun Najjaran