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Related papers: BadPrompt: Backdoor Attacks on Continuous Prompts

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Research on backdoor attacks against multimodal contrastive learning models faces two key challenges: stealthiness and persistence. Existing methods often fail under strong detection or continuous fine-tuning, largely due to (1) cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Siyuan Liang , Yongcheng Jing , Yingjie Wang , Jiaxing Huang , Ee-chien Chang , Dacheng Tao

Backdoor attacks pose a serious threat to the security of large language models (LLMs), causing them to exhibit anomalous behavior under specific trigger conditions. The design of backdoor triggers has evolved from fixed triggers to dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haotian Jin , Yang Li , Haihui Fan , Lin Shen , Xiangfang Li , Bo Li

Fine-tuning pre-trained models for downstream tasks has led to a proliferation of open-sourced task-specific models. Recently, Model Merging (MM) has emerged as an effective approach to facilitate knowledge transfer among these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jinghuai Zhang , Jianfeng Chi , Zheng Li , Kunlin Cai , Yang Zhang , Yuan Tian

Recent years have seen the wide application of NLP models in crucial areas such as finance, medical treatment, and news media, raising concerns of the model robustness and vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yuting Yang , Pei Huang , Juan Cao , Jintao Li , Yun Lin , Jin Song Dong , Feifei Ma , Jian Zhang

Deep learning is becoming increasingly popular in real-life applications, especially in natural language processing (NLP). Users often choose training outsourcing or adopt third-party data and models due to data and computation resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Xuan Sheng , Zhaoyang Han , Piji Li , Xiangmao Chang

Prompt-based learning is a new language model training paradigm that adapts the Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) to downstream tasks, which revitalizes the performance benchmarks across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Yue Xu , Wenjie Wang

Backdoor attack intends to embed hidden backdoor into deep neural networks (DNNs), such that the attacked model performs well on benign samples, whereas its prediction will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Shaik Mohammed Maqsood , Viveros Manuela Ceron , Addluri GowthamKrishna

Recent research highlights concerns about the trustworthiness of third-party Pre-Trained Language Models (PTLMs) due to potential backdoor attacks. These backdoored PTLMs, however, are effective only for specific pre-defined downstream…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rui Zhang , Yun Shen , Hongwei Li , Wenbo Jiang , Hanxiao Chen , Yuan Zhang , Guowen Xu , Yang Zhang

Backdoor attacks become a significant security concern for deep neural networks in recent years. An image classification model can be compromised if malicious backdoors are injected into it. This corruption will cause the model to function…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Hongwei Zhang , Xiaoyin Xu , Dongsheng An , Xianfeng Gu , Min Zhang

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as an alternative modeling paradigm to autoregressive (AR) language models, enabling parallel generation and bidirectional context modeling. Yet their security implications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shengfang Zhai , Xiaoyang Ji , Yuling Shi , Haoran Gao , Fanyu Meng , Yan Zeng , Yuejian Fang , Yinpeng Dong , Jiaheng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs), which bridge the gap between human language understanding and complex problem-solving, achieve state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot and zero-shot settings. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Zhongliang Guo , Leilei Gan , Xiaoyu Xu , Xiaobao Wu , Jie Fu , Yichao Feng , Fengjun Pan , Luu Anh Tuan

Backdoor attacks inject poisoning samples during training, with the goal of forcing a machine learning model to output an attacker-chosen class when presented a specific trigger at test time. Although backdoor attacks have been demonstrated…

Deep learning models have achieved high performance on many tasks, and thus have been applied to many security-critical scenarios. For example, deep learning-based face recognition systems have been used to authenticate users to access many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-18 Xinyun Chen , Chang Liu , Bo Li , Kimberly Lu , Dawn Song

Over the past few years, the emergence of backdoor attacks has presented significant challenges to deep learning systems, allowing attackers to insert backdoors into neural networks. When data with a trigger is processed by a backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Haiyang Yu , Tian Xie , Jiaping Gui , Pengyang Wang , Ping Yi , Yue Wu

In-context learning, a paradigm bridging the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, has demonstrated high efficacy in several NLP tasks, especially in few-shot settings. Despite being widely applied, in-context learning is vulnerable to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Luu Anh Tuan , Fengjun Pan , Jinming Wen

Because state-of-the-art language models are expensive to train, most practitioners must make use of one of the few publicly available language models or language model APIs. This consolidation of trust increases the potency of backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nikhil Kandpal , Matthew Jagielski , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

Deep learning models are increasingly used in mobile applications as critical components. Unlike the program bytecode whose vulnerabilities and threats have been widely-discussed, whether and how the deep learning models deployed in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Yuanchun Li , Jiayi Hua , Haoyu Wang , Chunyang Chen , Yunxin Liu

Backdoor attack aims at inducing neural models to make incorrect predictions for poison data while keeping predictions on the clean dataset unchanged, which creates a considerable threat to current natural language processing (NLP) systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Xukun Zhou , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang , Lingjuan Lyu , Muqiao Yang , Jun He

Deep neural networks have been demonstrated to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Specifically, by injecting a small number of maliciously constructed inputs into the training set, an adversary is able to plant a backdoor into the trained…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-10 Alexander Turner , Dimitris Tsipras , Aleksander Madry

Recently, advanced NLP models have seen a surge in the usage of various applications. This raises the security threats of the released models. In addition to the clean models' unintentional weaknesses, {\em i.e.,} adversarial attacks, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Lichao Sun