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Graphical models provide a framework for exploration of multivariate dependence patterns. The connection between graph and statistical model is made by identifying the vertices of the graph with the observed variables and translating the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-02-08 Mathias Drton , Michael D. Perlman

Independence testing is a classical statistical problem that has been extensively studied in the batch setting when one fixes the sample size before collecting data. However, practitioners often prefer procedures that adapt to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-21 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Patrick Blöbaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan , Aaditya Ramdas

Imitation Learning offers a promising approach to learn directly from data without requiring explicit models, simulations, or detailed task definitions. During inference, actions are sampled from the learned distribution and executed on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amirreza Razmjoo , Sylvain Calinon , Michael Gienger , Fan Zhang

As a crucial problem in statistics is to decide whether additional variables are needed in a regression model. We propose a new multivariate test to investigate the conditional mean independence of Y given X conditioning on some known…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-18 Ze Jin , Xiaohan Yan , David S. Matteson

The use of machine learning methods helps to improve decision making in different fields. In particular, the idea of bridging predictions (machine learning models) and prescriptions (optimization problems) is gaining attention within the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Antonio Alcántara , Carlos Ruiz

Estimating causal effects from observational data requires identifying valid adjustment sets. This task is especially challenging in realistic settings where latent confounding and feedback loops are present. Existing approaches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ana Leticia Garcez Vicente , Gijs van Seeventer , Saber Salehkaleybar

We develop a novel test of the instrumental variable identifying assumptions for heterogeneous treatment effect models with conditioning covariates. We assume semiparametric dependence between potential outcomes and conditioning covariates.…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-09-19 Thomas Carr , Toru Kitagawa

Recent advances have shown that statistical tests for the rank of cross-covariance matrices play an important role in causal discovery. These rank tests include partial correlation tests as special cases and provide further graphical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Xinshuai Dong , Ignavier Ng , Boyang Sun , Haoyue Dai , Guang-Yuan Hao , Shunxing Fan , Peter Spirtes , Yumou Qiu , Kun Zhang

Confounding is a significant obstacle to unbiased estimation of causal effects from observational data. For settings with high-dimensional covariates -- such as text data, genomics, or the behavioral social sciences -- researchers have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Katherine A. Keith , Sergey Feldman , David Jurgens , Jonathan Bragg , Rohit Bhattacharya

Testing the equality of two high-dimensional mean vectors is a fundamental problem in multivariate analysis. While the classical Hotelling's $T^2$ test is optimal in low-dimensional settings, it fails when the dimension $p$ is comparable to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-22 Minsub Shin , Kwangok Seo , Sang Han Lee , Johan Lim

Goodness-of-fit (GoF) testing is ubiquitous in statistics, with direct ties to model selection, confidence interval construction, conditional independence testing, and multiple testing, just to name a few applications. While testing the GoF…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-16 Rina Foygel Barber , Lucas Janson

This paper introduces a novel test for conditional stochastic dominance (CSD) at specific values of the conditioning covariates, referred to as target points. The test is relevant for analyzing income inequality, evaluating treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-11-20 Federico A. Bugni , Ivan A. Canay , Deborah Kim

A common practice in evidence-based decision-making uses estimates of conditional probabilities P(y|x) obtained from research studies to predict outcomes y on the basis of observed covariates x. Given this information, decisions are then…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-08 Atheendar S. Venkataramani , Charles F. Manski , John Mullahy

Distribution testing deals with what information can be deduced about an unknown distribution over $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, where the algorithm is only allowed to obtain a relatively small number of independent samples from the distribution. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-23 Eldar Fischer , Oded Lachish , Yadu Vasudev

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect heteroskedasticity in regression models with regressors contaminated by measurement error. Specifically, inspired by the integrated conditional moment (ICM) approach, we construct test…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Xiaojun Song , Jichao Yuan

When observations are independent, formulae and software are readily available to plan and design studies of appropriate size and power to detect important associations. When observations are correlated or clustered, results obtained from…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-15 David M. Thompson

Adapting the final sample size of a trial to the evidence accruing during the trial is a natural way to address planning uncertainty. Designs with adaptive sample size need to account for their optional stopping to guarantee strict type-I…

Hybrid controlled trials (HCTs), which augment randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with external controls (ECs), are increasingly receiving attention as a way to address limited power, slow accrual, and ethical concerns in clinical…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-02 Jiajun Liu , Ke Zhu , Shu Yang , Xiaofei Wang

Conditional mean independence (CMI) testing is crucial for statistical tasks including model determination and variable importance evaluation. In this work, we introduce a novel population CMI measure and a bootstrap-based testing procedure…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-30 Yi Zhang , Linjun Huang , Yun Yang , Xiaofeng Shao

Validating safety-critical autonomous systems in high-dimensional domains such as robotics presents a significant challenge. Existing black-box approaches based on Markov chain Monte Carlo may require an enormous number of samples, while…