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The distribution of entangled quantum systems among two or more nodes of a network is a key task at the basis of quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum cryptography. Unfortunately the transmission lines used in this…

This paper considers the problem of finding an optimal order for entanglement swapping in a heterogeneous path of quantum repeaters so as to maximize the path throughput defined as the delivery rate of end-to-end entanglements. The primary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Van Sy Mai , Abderrahim Amlou , Amar Abane , Abdella Battou

Quantum Internet signifies a remarkable advancement in communication technology, harnessing the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition to facilitate unparalleled levels of security and efficient computations. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

Remote entanglement between widely separated qubits is a fundamental quantum phenomenon and a critical resource for quantum information applications. Generating entanglement between independent qubits separated by arbitrary, potentially…

We propose a post-selection technique, based on quantum error detection, for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems that run over quantum repeaters with encoding. In such repeaters, quantum error correction techniques are used for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-04 Yumang Jing , Daniel Alsina Leal , Mohsen Razavi

Quantum repeaters are pivotal in the physical layer of the quantum internet. For its development, quantum repeaters capable of efficient entanglement distribution are necessary. Quantum repeater schemes based on single-photon interference…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Daisuke Yoshida , Tomoyuki Horikiri

Quantum networking can be realized by distributing pairs of entangled qubits between remote quantum processing nodes. Devoted communication qubits within each node can naturally interface with photons which bus quantum information between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Ely Novakoski , Jungsang Kim

We introduce the concept of Quantum Ping (QPing) as a diagnostic primitive for future quantum networks, designed to assess whether two or more end nodes can establish practical quantum entanglement with efficient resource consumption,…

Efficient quantum repeaters are needed to combat photon losses in fibers in future quantum networks. Single atom coupled with photonic cavity offers a great platform for photon-atom gate. Here I propose a quantum repeater scheme with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Yisheng Lei

Quantum key distribution(QKD) is an important area in quantum information theory. Nowadays, there are many protocols such as BB84 protocol, Lo-Chau's protocol and GR10 protocol. They usually require legitimated parties have the ability to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-06 Hao Shu

We analyze an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) architecture that uses a linear chain of quantum repeaters employing photon-pair sources, spectral-multiplexing, linear-optic Bell-state measurements, multi-mode quantum…

Quantum entanglement is the key to quantum communications over considerable distances. The first step for entanglement distribution among quantum communication nodes is to generate link-level Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Karim Elsayed , Wasiur R. KhudaBukhsh , Amr Rizk

We introduce an alternative approach for the design of quantum repeaters based on generating entangled states of growing size. The scheme utilizes quantum merging operations, also known as fusion type-I operations, that allow the…

Many quantum-network applications require end-to-end Bell pairs whose fidelity exceeds a request-specific threshold, but existing entanglement routing algorithms either optimize only throughput without regard for fidelity or enforce…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Anthony Gatti , Anoosha Fayyaz , Prashant Krishnamurthy , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Amy Babay

Entanglement distribution is key to the success of secure communication schemes based on quantum mechanics, and there is a strong need for an ultimate architecture able to overcome the limitations of recent proposals such as those based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-10 Alexander Streltsov , Remigiusz Augusiak , Maciej Demianowicz , Maciej Lewenstein

Quantum repeaters create long-distance entanglement between quantum systems while overcoming difficulties such as the attenuation of single photons in a fiber. Recently, an implementation of a repeater protocol based on single qubits in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-03 L. Jiang , J. M. Taylor , M. D. Lukin

Quantum teleportation is a foundational protocol for sending quantum information through entanglement distribution and classical communication. Assuming ideal classical communication, the reliability of quantum teleportation is limited by…

Entanglement-based networks (EBNs) enable general-purpose quantum communication by combining entanglement and its swapping in a sequence that addresses the challenges of achieving long distance communication with high fidelity associated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 David Pérez Castro , Juan Fernández-Herrerín , Ana Fernández-Vilas , Manuel Fernández-Veigaa , Rebeca P. Díaz-Redondo

Fidelity estimation is essential for the quality control of entanglement distribution networks. Because measurements collapse quantum states, we consider a setup in which nodes randomly sample a subset of the entangled qubit pairs to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-10 Liangzhong Ruan

Distributing quantum states reliably among distant locations is a key challenge in the field of quantum networks. One-way quantum networks address this by using one-way communication and quantum error correction. Here, we analyze quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-04 Álvaro G. Iñesta , Hyeongrak Choi , Dirk Englund , Stephanie Wehner