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We introduce BN-Pool, the first clustering-based pooling method for Graph Neural Networks that adaptively determines the number of supernodes in a coarsened graph. BN-Pool leverages a generative model based on a Bayesian nonparametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Daniele Castellana , Filippo Maria Bianchi

A number of recent studies have shown that a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) pretrained on a large dataset can be adopted as a universal image description which leads to astounding performance in many visual classification tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-12-01 Lingqiao Liu , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

Over-squashing and over-smoothing are two critical issues, that limit the capabilities of graph neural networks (GNNs). While over-smoothing eliminates the differences between nodes making them indistinguishable, over-squashing refers to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Cedric Sanders , Andreas Roth , Thomas Liebig

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been pivotal in various 2D image analysis tasks, including computer vision, image indexing and retrieval or semantic classification. Extending CNNs to 3D data such as point clouds and 3D meshes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Germain Bregeon , Marius Preda , Radu Ispas , Titus Zaharia

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are generated by sequentially performing linear and non-linear processes. Using a combination of linear and non-linear procedures is critical for generating a sufficiently deep feature space. The majority of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Yufei Hu , Nacim Belkhir , Jesus Angulo , Angela Yao , Gianni Franchi

Pooling is a ubiquitous operation in image processing algorithms that allows for higher-level processes to collect relevant low-level features from a region of interest. Currently, max-pooling is one of the most commonly used operators in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Arash Akbarinia , Raquel Gil Rodríguez , C. Alejandro Parraga

This paper analyses both nonlinear activation functions and spatial max-pooling for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) by means of the algebraic basis of mathematical morphology. Additionally, a general family of activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Santiago Velasco-Forero , Jesús Angulo

Graph neural networks (GNN) extends deep learning to graph-structure dataset. Similar to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) using on image prediction, convolutional and pooling layers are the foundation to success for GNN on graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Lingjie Kong , Yun Liao

Large receptive field and dense prediction are both important for achieving high accuracy in pixel labeling tasks such as semantic segmentation. These two properties, however, contradict with each other. A pooling layer (with stride 2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Jianxin Wu , Chen-Wei Xie , Jian-Hao Luo

Graph pooling has been increasingly recognized as crucial for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to facilitate hierarchical graph representation learning. Existing graph pooling methods commonly consist of two stages: selecting top-ranked nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Chuang Liu , Wenhang Yu , Kuang Gao , Xueqi Ma , Yibing Zhan , Jia Wu , Bo Du , Wenbin Hu

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been used effectively in different applications involving the processing of signals on irregular structures modeled by graphs. Relying on the use of shift-invariant graph filters, GNNs extend the operation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Alejandro Parada-Mayorga , Luana Ruiz , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph Neural Network (GNN) research has concentrated on improving convolutional layers, with little attention paid to developing graph pooling layers. Yet pooling layers can enable GNNs to reason over abstracted groups of nodes instead of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Frederik Diehl

The size and shape of the receptive field determine how the network aggregates local information and affect the overall performance of a model considerably. Many components in a neural network, such as kernel sizes and strides for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Dong-Hwan Jang , Sanghyeok Chu , Joonhyuk Kim , Bohyung Han

Despite the superior performance of CNN, deploying them on low computational power devices is still limited as they are typically computationally expensive. One key cause of the high complexity is the connection between the convolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Firas Laakom , Jenni Raitoharju , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are inherently limited to model geometric transformations due to the fixed geometric structures in its building modules. In this work, we introduce two new modules to enhance the transformation modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Jifeng Dai , Haozhi Qi , Yuwen Xiong , Yi Li , Guodong Zhang , Han Hu , Yichen Wei

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are well established models capable of achieving state-of-the-art classification accuracy for various computer vision tasks. However, they are becoming increasingly larger, using millions of parameters,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Nikolaos Passalis , Anastasios Tefas

Compared with global average pooling in existing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), global covariance pooling can capture richer statistics of deep features, having potential for improving representation and generalization abilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Qilong Wang , Jiangtao Xie , Wangmeng Zuo , Lei Zhang , Peihua Li

Convolution utilizes a shift-equivalent prior of images, thus leading to great success in image processing tasks. However, commonly used poolings in convolutional neural networks (CNNs), such as max-pooling, average-pooling, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Zhendong Zhang

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have enabled major advances in image classification through convolution and pooling. In particular, image pooling transforms a connected discrete grid into a reduced grid with the same connectivity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Stevan Stanovic , Benoit Gaüzère , Luc Brun

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown significant success for graph-based tasks. Motivated by the prevalence of large datasets in real-world applications, pooling layers are crucial components of GNNs. By reducing the size of input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Katharina Limbeck , Lydia Mezrag , Guy Wolf , Bastian Rieck