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Enhancing performance while reducing costs is the fundamental design philosophy of integrated circuits (ICs). With advancements in packaging technology, interposer-based chiplet architecture has emerged as a promising solution. Chiplet…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Shixin Chen , Hengyuan Zhang , Zichao Ling , Jianwang Zhai , Bei Yu

2.5D integration technology is gaining traction as it copes with the exponentially growing design cost of modern integrated circuits. A crucial part of a 2.5D stacked chip is a low-latency and high-throughput inter-chiplet interconnect…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Patrick Iff , Benigna Bruggmann , Maciej Besta , Luca Benini , Torsten Hoefler

Chiplet architectures are on the rise as they promise to overcome the scaling challenges of monolithic chips. A key component of such architectures is an efficient inter-chiplet interconnect (ICI). The ICI design space is huge as there are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Patrick Iff , Benigna Bruggmann , Blaise Morel , Maciej Besta , Luca Benini , Torsten Hoefler

Industry adoption of chiplets has been growing as chiplets are a cost-effective option for making large, high-performance systems. Consequently, partitioning large systems into chiplets is increasingly important. In this work, we introduce…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Alexander Graening , Puneet Gupta , Andrew B. Kahng , Bodhisatta Pramanik , Zhiang Wang

Fast-evolving artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms such as large language models have been driving the ever-increasing computing demands in today's data centers. Heterogeneous computing with domain-specific architectures (DSAs) brings…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhuoping Yang , Shixin Ji , Xingzhen Chen , Jinming Zhuang , Weifeng Zhang , Dharmesh Jani , Peipei Zhou

2.5D chiplet systems have been proposed to improve the low manufacturing yield of large-scale chips. However, connecting the chiplets through an electronic interposer imposes a high traffic load on the interposer network. Silicon photonics…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Ebadollah Taheri , Sudeep Pasricha , Mahdi Nikdast

With the increasing prevalence of chiplet systems in high-performance computing applications, the number of design options has increased dramatically. Instead of chips defaulting to a single die design, now there are options for 2.5D and 3D…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Alexander Graening , Jonti Talukdar , Saptadeep Pal , Krishnendu Chakrabarty , Puneet Gupta

The chiplet-based System-in-Package~(SiP) technology enables more design flexibility via various inter-chiplet connection and heterogeneous integration. However, it is not known how to convert such flexibility into cost efficiency, which is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Tianqi Tang , Yuan Xie

There are increasing number of works addressing the design challenges of fast, scalable solutions for the growing number of new type of applications. Recently, many of the solutions aimed at improving processing element capabilities to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-12-16 Somnath Mazumdar , Alberto Scionti

Industry is moving towards large-scale systems where processor cores, memories, accelerators, etc.\ are bundled via 2.5D integration. These various components are fabricated separately as chiplets and then integrated using an interconnect…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Gino Chacon , Tapojyoti Mandal , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Paul Gratz , Vassos Soteriou

Achieving high performance, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness while maintaining architectural flexibility is a critical challenge in the development and deployment of edge AI devices. Monolithic SoC designs struggle with this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Suhas Suresh Bharadwaj , Prerana Ramkumar

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have established new performance benchmarks in vision tasks such as image recognition and object detection. However, these advancements come with significant demands for memory and computational resources,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Cong Wang , Zexin Fu , Jiayi Huang , Shanshi Huang

By interconnecting smaller chiplets through an interposer, 2.5D integration offers a cost-effective and high-yield solution to implement large-scale modular systems. Nevertheless, the underlying network is prone to deadlock, despite…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ebadollah Taheri , Sudeep Pasricha , Mahdi Nikdast

Heterogeneous chiplets have been proposed for accelerating high-performance computing tasks. Integrated inside one package, CPU and GPU chiplets can share a common interconnection network that can be implemented through the interposer.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Siamak Biglari , Ruixiao Huang , Hui Zhao , Saraju Mohanty

Recently, hardware technology has rapidly evolved pertaining to domain-specific applications/architectures. Soon, processors may be composed of a large collection of vendor-independent IP specialized for application-specific algorithms,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Dawson Fox , Jose M Monsalve Diaz , Xiaoming Li

Rising demand in AI and automotive applications is accelerating 2.5D IC adoption, with multiple chiplets tightly placed to enable high-speed interconnects and heterogeneous integration. As chiplet counts grow, traditional placement tools,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Qipan Wang , Tianxiang Zhu , Tianyu Jia , Yibo Lin , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang

Trapped ions are among the most promising platforms for realizing a large-scale quantum information processor. Current progress focuses on integrating optical and electronic components into microfabricated ion traps to allow scaling to…

In-memory computing (IMC) on a monolithic chip for deep learning faces dramatic challenges on area, yield, and on-chip interconnection cost due to the ever-increasing model sizes. 2.5D integration or chiplet-based architectures interconnect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Manvitha Pannala , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

Multi-chiplet architectures enabled by glass interposer offer superior electrical performance, enable higher bus widths due to reduced crosstalk, and have lower capacitance in the redistribution layer than current silicon interposer-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Harsh Sharma , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Umit Y. Ogras , Partha Pratim Pande

To address increasing compute demand from recent multi-model workloads with heavy models like large language models, we propose to deploy heterogeneous chiplet-based multi-chip module (MCM)-based accelerators. We develop an advanced…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mohanad Odema , Hyoukjun Kwon , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque
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