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The current generation of quantum computing technologies call for quantum algorithms that require a limited number of qubits and quantum gates, and which are robust against errors. A suitable design approach are variational circuits where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-10 Maria Schuld , Alex Bocharov , Krysta Svore , Nathan Wiebe

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for efficiently and accurately estimating Lipschitz constants in hybrid quantum-classical decision models. Our approach integrates classical neural network with quantum variational circuits to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Sajjad Hashemian , Mohammad Saeed Arvenaghi

Hybrid Quantum-Classical algorithms are a promising candidate for developing uses for NISQ devices. In particular, Parametrised Quantum Circuits (PQCs) paired with classical optimizers have been used as a basis for quantum chemistry and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-15 James Dborin , Fergus Barratt , Vinul Wimalaweera , Lewis Wright , Andrew G. Green

In this proceedings we present quantum machine learning optimization experiments using stochastic gradient descent with the parameter shift rule algorithm. We first describe the gradient evaluation algorithm and its optimization procedure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-21 Matteo Robbiati , Stavros Efthymiou , Andrea Pasquale , Stefano Carrazza

Parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) are pivotal components of variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which represent a promising pathway to quantum advantage in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. PQCs enable flexible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Joona Pankkonen , Lauri Ylinen , Matti Raasakka , Andrea Marchesin , Ilkka Tittonen

One of the most significant bottleneck in training large scale machine learning models on parameter server (PS) is the communication overhead, because it needs to frequently exchange the model gradients between the workers and servers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Guoxin Cui , Jun Xu , Wei Zeng , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Permutational Quantum Computing (PQC) [\emph{Quantum~Info.~Comput.}, \textbf{10}, 470--497, (2010)] is a natural quantum computational model conjectured to capture non-classical aspects of quantum computation. An argument backing this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 Vojtech Havlicek , Sergii Strelchuk

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as the leading strategy to obtain quantum advantage on the current noisy intermediate-scale devices. However, their entanglement-trainability correlation, as the major reason for the barren…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Shikun Zhang , Yang Zhou , Zheng Qin , Rui Li , Chunxiao Du , Zhisong Xiao , Yongyou Zhang

Variational quantum algorithms are ubiquitous in applications of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. Due to the structure of conventional parametrized quantum gates, the evaluated functions typically are finite Fourier series of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-20 David Wierichs , Josh Izaac , Cody Wang , Cedric Yen-Yu Lin

Quantum machine learning implemented by variational quantum circuits (VQCs) is considered a promising concept for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing era. Focusing on applications in quantum reinforcement learning, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Nico Meyer , Daniel D. Scherer , Axel Plinge , Christopher Mutschler , Michael J. Hartmann

Gradient-based optimizers have been proposed for training variational quantum circuits in settings such as quantum neural networks (QNNs). The task of gradient estimation, however, has proven to be challenging, primarily due to distinctive…

Feedback-based methods have gained significant attention as an alternative training paradigm for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) in solving combinatorial optimization problems such as MAX-CUT. In particular, Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Masih Mozakka , Mohsen Heidari

Quantum sensing is an important application of emerging quantum technologies. We explore whether a hybrid system of quantum sensors and quantum circuits can surpass the classical limit of sensing. In particular, we use optimization…

Variational quantum circuits have arisen as an important method in quantum computing. A crucial step of it is parameter optimization, which is typically tackled through gradient-descent techniques. We advantageously explore instead the use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-24 Vignesh Anantharamakrishnan , Márcio M. Taddei

We present a method for gradient computation in quantum algorithms implemented on linear optical quantum computing platforms. While parameter-shift rules have become a staple in qubit gate-based quantum computing for calculating gradients,…

Calculating the energy gradient in parameter space has become an almost ubiquitous subroutine of variational near-term quantum algorithms. "Faithful" classical emulation of this subroutine mimics its quantum evaluation, and scales as O(P^2)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-08 Tyson Jones , Julien Gacon

In the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, quantum machine learning is emerging as a dominant paradigm to program gate-based quantum computers. In quantum machine learning, the gates of a quantum circuit are parametrized,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Osvaldo Simeone

Parametrized Quantum Circuits (PQCs) enable a novel method for machine learning (ML). However, from a computational point of view they present a challenge to existing eXplainable AI (xAI) methods. On the one hand, measurements on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-04 Patrick Steinmüller , Tobias Schulz , Ferdinand Graf , Daniel Herr

Quantum circuit partitioning (QCP) is a hybrid quantum-classical approach that aims to simulate large quantum systems on smaller quantum computers. A quantum computation is divided into smaller subsystems and results of measurements on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Stian Bilek

In this paper, we explore an efficient online algorithm for quantum state estimation based on a matrix-exponentiated gradient method previously used in the context of machine learning. The state update is governed by a learning rate that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-28 Akram Youssry , Christopher Ferrie , Marco Tomamichel