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Predicting the near-term behavior of a reactive agent is crucial in many robotic scenarios, yet remains challenging when observations of that agent are sparse or intermittent. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer a promising avenue by…

Numerous large language model (LLM) agents have been built for different tasks like web navigation and online shopping due to LLM's wide knowledge and text-understanding ability. Among these works, many of them utilize in-context examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Ruiwen Zhou , Yingxuan Yang , Muning Wen , Ying Wen , Wenhao Wang , Chunling Xi , Guoqiang Xu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Learning to compute, the ability to model the functional behavior of a circuit graph, is a fundamental challenge for graph representation learning. Yet, the dominant paradigm is architecturally mismatched for this task. This flawed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Zheng , Jiaying Zhu , Jingyi Zhou , Qiang Xu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that test-time scaling can substantially improve model performance on complex tasks, particularly in the coding domain. Under this paradigm, models use a larger token budget during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaxin Fang , Runyuan He , Sahil Bhatia , Neel Gajare , Alvin Cheung

Human activity recognition (HAR) in smart homes remains challenging because many daily activities exhibit similar local sensor patterns, while minimally intrusive sensing provides sparse and ambiguous observations. As a result, methods…

Recent advances in Large Language Models have led to Large Reasoning Models, which produce step-by-step reasoning traces. These traces offer insight into how models think and their goals, improving explainability and helping users follow…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ludwig Felder , Jacob Miller , Markus Wallinger , Stephen Kobourov , Chunyang Chen

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across tasks in language understanding and interactive decision making, their abilities for reasoning (e.g. chain-of-thought prompting) and acting (e.g. action…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Shunyu Yao , Jeffrey Zhao , Dian Yu , Nan Du , Izhak Shafran , Karthik Narasimhan , Yuan Cao

Visual transformation reasoning (VTR) is a vital cognitive capability that empowers intelligent agents to understand dynamic scenes, model causal relationships, and predict future states, and thereby guiding actions and laying the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yuheng Ji , Yipu Wang , Yuyang Liu , Xiaoshuai Hao , Yue Liu , Yuting Zhao , Huaihai Lyu , Xiaolong Zheng

This paper presents CRACQ, a multi-dimensional evaluation framework tailored to evaluate documents across f i v e specific traits: Coherence, Rigor, Appropriateness, Completeness, and Quality. Building on insights from traitbased Automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ishak Soltani , Francisco Belo , Bernardo Tavares

Effective urban traffic management is vital for sustainable city development, relying on intelligent systems with machine learning tasks such as traffic flow prediction and travel time estimation. Traditional approaches usually focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Chengkai Han , Jingyuan Wang , Yongyao Wang , Xie Yu , Hao Lin , Chao Li , Junjie Wu

Evaluating open-ended outputs from large language models (LLMs) remains challenging due to the absence of ground truth. Existing metrics rely on final-answer accuracy or surface-level statistics, leaving the reasoning process itself…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yundong Kim , Heyoung Yang

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) is a set of procedural tasks that tests an agent's ability to flexibly solve novel problems. While most ARC tasks are easy for humans, they are challenging for state-of-the-art AI. What makes…

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) provides a compact laboratory for studying abstract reasoning, an ability central to human intelligence. Modern AI systems, including LLMs and ViTs, largely operate as sequence-of-behavior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhiguang Liu , Yi Shang

Recent advances in natural language processing highlight two key factors for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs): (i) allocating more test-time compute tends to help on harder problems but often introduces redundancy in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Riccardo Alberghi , Elizaveta Demyanenko , Luca Biggio , Luca Saglietti

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in agentic environments must exercise multiple capabilities across different task instances, where a capability is performing one or more actions in a trajectory that are necessary for successfully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hangoo Kang , Tarun Suresh , Jon Saad-Falcon , Azalia Mirhoseini

Generalist embodied agents must perform interactive, causally-dependent reasoning, continually interacting with the environment, acquiring information, and updating plans to solve long-horizon tasks before they could be adopted in real-life…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xianhao Wang , Xiaojian Ma , Haozhe Hu , Rongpeng Su , Yutian Cheng , Zhou Ziheng , Hangxin Liu , Lei Liu , Bin Li , Qing Li

A recent work has shown that transformers are able to "reason" with facts and rules in a limited setting where the rules are natural language expressions of conjunctions of conditions implying a conclusion. Since this suggests that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Pratyay Banerjee , Chitta Baral , Man Luo , Arindam Mitra , Kuntal Pal , Tran C. Son , Neeraj Varshney

A new generation of AI models generates step-by-step reasoning text before producing an answer. This text appears to offer a human-readable window into their computation process, and is increasingly relied upon for transparency and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Mosh Levy , Zohar Elyoseph , Yoav Goldberg

Step-by-step reasoning is widely used to enhance the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) in complex problems. Evaluating the quality of reasoning traces is crucial for understanding and improving LLM reasoning. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jinu Lee , Julia Hockenmaier

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on high-level semantic tasks, they often struggle with fine-grained, token-level understanding and structural reasoning--capabilities that are essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Chenzhuo Zhao , Xinda Wang , Yue Huang , Junting Lu , Ziqian Liu